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VET614 - SA Practice > Canine Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are targeted by parvovirus?

A

Rapidly dividing GI cells esp. crypt epithelial cells, causing villus blunting

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2
Q

Villus blunting by parvovirus leads to?

A

Decreased absorption (diarrhoea), necrosis (sloughing + blood), and inflammation. Lack of GI integrity can lead to bacteraemia + sepsis

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3
Q

What disinfectant is parvovirus susceptible to?

A

Bleach

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4
Q

Vertical (in-utero) infection with parvovirus causes what illness in puppies?

A

Myocarditis

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5
Q

Describe the typical transmission of parvovirus

A

Horizontal - oronasal/faecal - virus enters oronasal cavity -> infects lymphoid tissue -> then viraemia for 1-5 days

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6
Q

What factors impact the severity of parvovirus infection?

A

Virulence of strain
Size of inoculum
Host defences
Age (young = higher risk)
Breed (Rottweilers, Dobermanns, American Pit Bulls)

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7
Q

When is parvovirus typically shed in faeces?

A

3-14 days post-infection

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8
Q

When is the clinical disease of parvovirus typically present?

A

5-12 days post-infection

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of parvovirus?

A

Foul smelling, bloody diarrhoea
Vomiting
Leukopenia
Fever
May develop sepsis, then DIC

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10
Q

A dog has acute vomiting and diarrhoea, what should you always screen for prior to admission?

A

Parvovirus

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11
Q

How would you diagnose parvovirus?

A

Clinical signs/History (often young, incomplete vaccination)
Detection of faecal antigen with ELISA or PCR

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12
Q

Compare the advantages/disadvantages of PCR and ELISA tests for parvovirus

A

ELISA:
A - in house, inexpensive, quick
D - specific but poorly sensitive (false negative possible)

PCR:
A - definitive diagnosis
D - lab test (wait time)

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13
Q

What is the goal when treating parvovirus?

A

Restore fluid + electrolyte balance, avoid sepsis

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14
Q

Outline a typical treatment plan for parvovirus

A

ISOLATION
IV fluids - correct dehydration + monitor electrolytes
IV aminopenicillins - treat “leaky gut”, protect from bacteraemia
Anti-emetics - maropitant
NG or NO tube - “feed gut”

Monitor for:
Hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia, intussusception (palpate daily)

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15
Q

What organisms are responsible for Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)?

A

Viral:
Canine Parainfluenza Virus
Bacterial:
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma spp.

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16
Q

CIRDC has HIGH ______ and LOW ______

A

CIRDC has HIGH morbidity and LOW mortality

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17
Q

How is CIRDC transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions

18
Q

Vaccines for CIRDC …..

A

Do not prevent infection, but should reduce severity of clinical signs

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of CIRDC?

A

Paroxysmal cough with terminal retch
Fever, anorexia, lethargy
SMLN enlarged
Erythematous oropharynx
“tracheal pinch” induced cough

20
Q

A dog that has been in kennels or to the park recently presents with a mild cough, thoracic auscultation is normal and the dog appears well. How will you treat?

A

Rest, isolate from other dogs, provide soft food

AB NOT JUSTIFIED

21
Q

A dog that has been in kennels recently returns to you after 7 days of persistent, non-productive coughing. How will you treat it?

A

AB: Doxycycline for 7-10 days
+/- Antitussives e.g. hydrocodone (NOT if cough is productive)
Continue rest + isolation from other dogs

22
Q

What must you do if you diagnose Ehrlichia canis?

A

Notify DPIRD

23
Q

What is Ehrlichia canis, and how is it transmitted?

A

Bacterial infection transmitted by Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)

24
Q

What does Ehrlichia canis cause and what clinical signs occur?

A

Acute reduction in red blood cells (esp. platelets)
CS: fever, lethargy, thrombocytopenia, myalgia, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, petechia

25
Q

How do you definitively diagnose Ehrlichia canis?

A

PCR (DPIRD funded) or serological antibodies

26
Q

What in house tests help diagnose Ehrlichia canis?

A

Platelet count, PCV, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT)

27
Q

How do you treat Ehrlichia canis?

A

Doxycycline for 28 days
5mg/kg PO q12hr
OR
10mg/kg PO q24hr

28
Q

A client is worried about Ehrlichia canis, what advice will you give to them?

A

Tick prevention is key! Regular prophylaxis or tick collars
Check dogs for ticks at every bath
Explain geographical distribution (mostly Northern Aus - but this may change w/ time)

29
Q

You are working in NSW and a farm dog presents with non-specific lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea. What disease should be included as a DDx?

A

Leptospirosis

30
Q

What questions may help if you suspect leptospirosis?

A

Is there any contact with rats?
Any contact with stagnant water (i.e. dams, ponds)?
What area is the animal from?
Has there been any travel recently to an area which has has reported cases?

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of Heartworm disease?

A

Coughing, exercise intolerance, weight loss, abdominal distension, lethargy

32
Q

What do heartworm antigen tests detect?

A

Proteins from adult female D. immitis (>6 months post-infection)

33
Q

What does a modified Knott test detect?

A

Circulating microfilariea of D. immitis (>6-7 months post-infection)

34
Q

If a dog has lapsed prophylaxis for heartworm, what must you do before recommencing prophylaxis?

A

Ensure no circulating microfilariea - perform modified Knott test

35
Q

What would your heartworm prophylaxis protocol be for a dog aged 2-7 months?

A

Start prophylaxis, but test for antigen and microfilariea 6 months later

36
Q

What would your heartworm prophylaxis protocol be for a dog older than 7 months?

A

Test for antigen and microfilariea prior to starting prophylaxis, if clear start prophylaxis and test again 6 months later

37
Q

Why should you never start heartworm prophylaxis without testing?

A

Sudden death of adult worms and microfilariea may result in thromboembolism leading to sudden death, or cause transient shock-like hypersensitivity

38
Q

A dog returns a positive heartworm antigen test, what is your next step?

A

Must confirm positive result - repeat antigen test (different brand)
And perform Knott’s test to determine microfilariea presence

39
Q

You have confirmed a positive heartworm antigen result in a dog, but there are no microfilariea present and the dog is clinically well. What is your next step?

A

Commence prophylaxis

40
Q

A dog is heartworm antigen negative but microfilariea positive. What is your next step?

A

Do not start prophylaxis - risk of shock.
Must identify microfilariea (may be Dipetalonema)

VET614 - SA Practice (4 decks)

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