Feline Infectious Flashcards
Virus that causes FIP.
FeCoV
What causes the virulent form of FIP?
Genetic mutation, deletion or insertion
What is the most common stereotype of FeCoV
Type 1
Name 6 reasons why FIP is more common now?
- Greater # of cats
- More cats indoors -> in contact more with feces
- More pure breeds
- Increase # of shelters
Where is FeCoV shed?
Feces
Where does FeCoV replicate?
Small Intestine
In chronic shedders of FeCoV, where does the virus replicate?
Ileocecolic jxn
Since FeCoV replicates in the small intestine, what clinical sign do you normally see?
Diarrhea, weight loss
What clinical sign does FIP result in?
Vasculitis
In what form of FIP would you see damage to blood vessels that results in fluid accumulation/ ascites?
Effusive/ Wet Form
What form of FIP will we see intraocular lesions such as aqueous flare, keratin precipitates, retinal hemorrhage.
Non effusive/ Dry Form
What type of cell does the FeCoV need to be able to survive in, in order to develop FIP?
Monocytes!
What do monocytes release that result in hypergammaglobulinemia?
IL-6
What do monocytes release that result in inflammation and is the cause of lymphopenia in non effusive FIP and causes cachexia?
TNF
What interleukin secreted by monocytes activates B and lymph system is pyrogens can and causes inflammatory response?
IL-1
What is released by monocytes is the responsible for the leafiness of blood vessels?
MMP-9
What response prevents infection with FIP?
Cell Mediated Immune Response
What happens when there is an absent CMI and a strong humoral response?
Effusive FIP develops
What happens when there is an intermediate CMI response?
Non-effusive FIP develops
Gold standard used to Dx FIP.
Histopathology
What kind of fluid what we see on a thoracocenthesis?
Wet form: clear- straw colored, viscous fluid with high protein and low cell count.
The albumin:globulin ratio in a cat with FIP would be at…
What would the Rivalta test look like in a FIP positive cat?
Droplet keeps it shape
Definitive Dx for FIP
Positive Immunofluorescent staining – shows infects macrophages
What other test could we do to confirm FIP in cat after we have done a +IF staining?
RT-PCR on conjunctival swab
What would we see pathologically in a cat with FIP?
Pyogranulomatous lesions around the kidney.
What body excrement is not helpful in diagnosing FIP?
Feces not helpful
What therapy is used in the treatment of FeCoV/ FIP?
NONE
Only GCs to reduce inflammation and increase appetite
How can we prevent FeCoV/ FIP?
Vaccination: IN induced CMI response -> antibody production
Do FeCoV antigen test before vaccination
In what environment is FPV most found in?
Catteries
Where does FPV like to replicate?
Rapidly diving cells: lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa
An in utero infection of FPV can cause what in the kitten?
Cerebellar Hypoplasia
T/F: Many cats infected with FPV will show many clinical signs.
FALSE. Many cats are sub clinical.
What stage of FPV infection is characterized by shock, dehydration and death within 12 hours?
Peracute stage
What is the most common stage of FPV?
Acute
Fever, V/D, enlarged LN, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia
What test is used to diagnose FPV?
Fecal Antigen ELISA
Also look at signs and leukopenia.
What test can be run on whole blood, feces and tissue samples to diagnose FPV?
PCR
List 5 parts of therapy in FPV.
- Symptomatic
- Fluids/ electrolytes
- Anti-emetics
- Broad spectrum Abs
- FOOD- esophagus feeding tube
What virus causes the most disease related deaths in pet cats?
FeLV
Where does FeLV replicate?
Bone marrow, salivary glands, respiratory epithelium
Why has infection of FeLV decreased in the cat population?
Few outdoor cats and mostly from vaccinating.
In what age of cats is there a higher prevalence of FeLV?
Adults
How is FeLV most predominantly spread?
Through saliva via horizontal transmission
What stage of FeLV infection never gets the virus because the cat has high levels of antibodies?
Abortive
What stage of infection of FeLV has an immune response, the virus is contained and then clear out?
Regressive
What stage of FeLV infection happens when the immune system is not strong enough to get rid of the infection and the cat dies within 3 years?
Progressive
What type of FeLV infection is seen rarely/ experimentally and is restricted to spleen, SI, LN, and tits?
Focal/ Atypical
What infection is a common sign when there is a co-infection with FeLV?
Stomatitis
When there are signs of hematopoietic malignancy what do we see with FeLV?
Lymphoma
What test do we use to diagnose FeLV?
ELISA antigen. Looking for P27.
What can the FeLV vaccine cause at the injection site?
Sarcoma
Signalment for FIV.
Outdoor male in high population areas.
What cell clears the FIV?
Macrophages
Where does replication of FIV occur?
Tissues rich in lymphocytes: thymus,spleen, LN
What lymphocytes does FIV affect?
CD4 and CD8
Name that FIV stage:
Fever, malaise, enlarged LN, respiratory tract disease, stomatitis, and dermatitis
Acute Stage of FIV
Name that stage of FIV:
Last for days with no clinical signs
Clinical symptomatic stage
Name that FIV stage:
Secondary infections, neuro changes, ocular disease and neoplasia so
Terminal Stage
What test do we use to diagnose FIV?
ELISA antibody
How is FIV transmitted?
Blood via bite wounds
Multiplying stage of toxoplasmosis.
Tachyzoites
What form of toxoplasmosis gets enclosed in tissue cysts?
Bradyzoites
What form of toxoplasmosis is ingested in contaminated food and water?
Oocyst
What form of toxoplasmosis is excreted in feces?
Oocysts
5 Common sites where toxoplasmosis is localized.
- Brain
- Liver
- Lungs
- Skeletal mm
- Eyes
What will be see in thoracic rads in a cat infected with toxoplasmosis ?
Diffuse Alveolar Pattern
What immunoglobulin are we looking for in the skin and GIT in a cat infected with Toxoplasmosis?
IgA
New diagnostic tool that we use to pick up toxoplasmosis in tissue?
PCR
What is the best treat,net used to treat toxoplasmosis?
Clindamyacin
Do titer for IgG to see if it’s working
What can we use to stop Oocyst from shedding in the feces with toxoplasmosis infections?
Monensin
What Protozoal disease infected the cat and causes large bowel diarrhea and can easily be detected on a fecal smear?
Tritrichomonas
What do we use to treat Tritrichomonas ?
Ronidazole
What feline Protozoal disease is transmitted by ticks.
Cytauxzoonosis
In Cytauxzoonosis, what do piroplasms cause?
Hemolysis
What presenting complaint do cats show when infected with Cytauxzoonosis?
Vocalization, lethargy.
What is the best diagnostic tool used to diagnose Cytauxzoonosis in a cat?
Peripheral blood smear
What feline fungal disease leaves skin lesion and is treated with Itraconazole?
Sporotrichosis
Most common species of Bartonella in feline.
B. Henselae
What type of environment does Bartonella like to live?
Warm and humid
How is Bartonella transmitted?
Flea
What is the zoonotic disease caused by Bartonella?
Cat Scratch Fever
T/F: Most cats infected with Bartonella do not show clinical signs.
TRUE
Definitive diagnosis for Bartonella.
Blood culture
3 drugs given as treatment for Bartonella.
Enrofloxacin- retinal detachment
Doxycycline- esophagitis
What does M. Haemofelis cause?
Anemia
What does M. Haemintutum cause?
Rarely causes signs
How is Mycoplasma naturally transmitted?
Infected blood, Arthropoda/ fleas, fighting and saliva, and in utero or milk
2 different ways hemolytic anemia is caused in Mycoplasma.
- Immune mediated destruction of RBCs
2. Hemolysis due to attachment of RBCs
What is mycoplasma hard to find in the blood?
Cyclic parasitemia- it’s there and then it’s gone
2 main signs seen with Mycoplasma.
Pale MM and Icterus
What causes icterus in Mycoplasma?
Hemolysis
Where should the blood sample be taken when diagnosing Mycoplasma?
Capillary bed- ear
What antibiotics are used to treat Mycoplasma and which one causes less side effects?
Doxycycline and Pradofloxacin (less side effects)
What do we need to add to the treatment of Mycoplasma to decrease RBC phagocytosis in anemic animal?
Prednisolone
