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SAM I Exam II Repeat > Feline Infectious > Flashcards

Feline Infectious Flashcards

1
Q

Virus that causes FIP.

A

FeCoV

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2
Q

What causes the virulent form of FIP?

A

Genetic mutation, deletion or insertion

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3
Q

What is the most common stereotype of FeCoV

A

Type 1

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4
Q

Name 6 reasons why FIP is more common now?

A
  1. Greater # of cats
  2. More cats indoors -> in contact more with feces
  3. More pure breeds
  4. Increase # of shelters
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5
Q

Where is FeCoV shed?

A

Feces

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6
Q

Where does FeCoV replicate?

A

Small Intestine

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7
Q

In chronic shedders of FeCoV, where does the virus replicate?

A

Ileocecolic jxn

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8
Q

Since FeCoV replicates in the small intestine, what clinical sign do you normally see?

A

Diarrhea, weight loss

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9
Q

What clinical sign does FIP result in?

A

Vasculitis

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10
Q

In what form of FIP would you see damage to blood vessels that results in fluid accumulation/ ascites?

A

Effusive/ Wet Form

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11
Q

What form of FIP will we see intraocular lesions such as aqueous flare, keratin precipitates, retinal hemorrhage.

A

Non effusive/ Dry Form

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12
Q

What type of cell does the FeCoV need to be able to survive in, in order to develop FIP?

A

Monocytes!

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13
Q

What do monocytes release that result in hypergammaglobulinemia?

A

IL-6

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14
Q

What do monocytes release that result in inflammation and is the cause of lymphopenia in non effusive FIP and causes cachexia?

A

TNF

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15
Q

What interleukin secreted by monocytes activates B and lymph system is pyrogens can and causes inflammatory response?

A

IL-1

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16
Q

What is released by monocytes is the responsible for the leafiness of blood vessels?

A

MMP-9

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17
Q

What response prevents infection with FIP?

A

Cell Mediated Immune Response

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18
Q

What happens when there is an absent CMI and a strong humoral response?

A

Effusive FIP develops

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19
Q

What happens when there is an intermediate CMI response?

A

Non-effusive FIP develops

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20
Q

Gold standard used to Dx FIP.

A

Histopathology

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21
Q

What kind of fluid what we see on a thoracocenthesis?

A

Wet form: clear- straw colored, viscous fluid with high protein and low cell count.

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22
Q

The albumin:globulin ratio in a cat with FIP would be at…

A
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23
Q

What would the Rivalta test look like in a FIP positive cat?

A

Droplet keeps it shape

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24
Q

Definitive Dx for FIP

A

Positive Immunofluorescent staining – shows infects macrophages

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25
Q

What other test could we do to confirm FIP in cat after we have done a +IF staining?

A

RT-PCR on conjunctival swab

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26
Q

What would we see pathologically in a cat with FIP?

A

Pyogranulomatous lesions around the kidney.

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27
Q

What body excrement is not helpful in diagnosing FIP?

A

Feces not helpful

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28
Q

What therapy is used in the treatment of FeCoV/ FIP?

A

NONE

Only GCs to reduce inflammation and increase appetite

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29
Q

How can we prevent FeCoV/ FIP?

A

Vaccination: IN induced CMI response -> antibody production

Do FeCoV antigen test before vaccination

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30
Q

In what environment is FPV most found in?

A

Catteries

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31
Q

Where does FPV like to replicate?

A

Rapidly diving cells: lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa

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32
Q

An in utero infection of FPV can cause what in the kitten?

A

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

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33
Q

T/F: Many cats infected with FPV will show many clinical signs.

A

FALSE. Many cats are sub clinical.

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34
Q

What stage of FPV infection is characterized by shock, dehydration and death within 12 hours?

A

Peracute stage

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35
Q

What is the most common stage of FPV?

A

Acute

Fever, V/D, enlarged LN, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia

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36
Q

What test is used to diagnose FPV?

A

Fecal Antigen ELISA

Also look at signs and leukopenia.

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37
Q

What test can be run on whole blood, feces and tissue samples to diagnose FPV?

A

PCR

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38
Q

List 5 parts of therapy in FPV.

A
  1. Symptomatic
  2. Fluids/ electrolytes
  3. Anti-emetics
  4. Broad spectrum Abs
  5. FOOD- esophagus feeding tube
39
Q

What virus causes the most disease related deaths in pet cats?

A

FeLV

40
Q

Where does FeLV replicate?

A

Bone marrow, salivary glands, respiratory epithelium

41
Q

Why has infection of FeLV decreased in the cat population?

A

Few outdoor cats and mostly from vaccinating.

42
Q

In what age of cats is there a higher prevalence of FeLV?

A

Adults

43
Q

How is FeLV most predominantly spread?

A

Through saliva via horizontal transmission

44
Q

What stage of FeLV infection never gets the virus because the cat has high levels of antibodies?

A

Abortive

45
Q

What stage of infection of FeLV has an immune response, the virus is contained and then clear out?

A

Regressive

46
Q

What stage of FeLV infection happens when the immune system is not strong enough to get rid of the infection and the cat dies within 3 years?

A

Progressive

47
Q

What type of FeLV infection is seen rarely/ experimentally and is restricted to spleen, SI, LN, and tits?

A

Focal/ Atypical

48
Q

What infection is a common sign when there is a co-infection with FeLV?

A

Stomatitis

49
Q

When there are signs of hematopoietic malignancy what do we see with FeLV?

A

Lymphoma

50
Q

What test do we use to diagnose FeLV?

A

ELISA antigen. Looking for P27.

51
Q

What can the FeLV vaccine cause at the injection site?

A

Sarcoma

52
Q

Signalment for FIV.

A

Outdoor male in high population areas.

53
Q

What cell clears the FIV?

A

Macrophages

54
Q

Where does replication of FIV occur?

A

Tissues rich in lymphocytes: thymus,spleen, LN

55
Q

What lymphocytes does FIV affect?

A

CD4 and CD8

56
Q

Name that FIV stage:

Fever, malaise, enlarged LN, respiratory tract disease, stomatitis, and dermatitis

A

Acute Stage of FIV

57
Q

Name that stage of FIV:

Last for days with no clinical signs

A

Clinical symptomatic stage

58
Q

Name that FIV stage:

Secondary infections, neuro changes, ocular disease and neoplasia so

A

Terminal Stage

59
Q

What test do we use to diagnose FIV?

A

ELISA antibody

60
Q

How is FIV transmitted?

A

Blood via bite wounds

61
Q

Multiplying stage of toxoplasmosis.

A

Tachyzoites

62
Q

What form of toxoplasmosis gets enclosed in tissue cysts?

A

Bradyzoites

63
Q

What form of toxoplasmosis is ingested in contaminated food and water?

A

Oocyst

64
Q

What form of toxoplasmosis is excreted in feces?

A

Oocysts

65
Q

5 Common sites where toxoplasmosis is localized.

A
  1. Brain
  2. Liver
  3. Lungs
  4. Skeletal mm
  5. Eyes
66
Q

What will be see in thoracic rads in a cat infected with toxoplasmosis ?

A

Diffuse Alveolar Pattern

67
Q

What immunoglobulin are we looking for in the skin and GIT in a cat infected with Toxoplasmosis?

A

IgA

68
Q

New diagnostic tool that we use to pick up toxoplasmosis in tissue?

A

PCR

69
Q

What is the best treat,net used to treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Clindamyacin

Do titer for IgG to see if it’s working

70
Q

What can we use to stop Oocyst from shedding in the feces with toxoplasmosis infections?

A

Monensin

71
Q

What Protozoal disease infected the cat and causes large bowel diarrhea and can easily be detected on a fecal smear?

A

Tritrichomonas

72
Q

What do we use to treat Tritrichomonas ?

A

Ronidazole

73
Q

What feline Protozoal disease is transmitted by ticks.

A

Cytauxzoonosis

74
Q

In Cytauxzoonosis, what do piroplasms cause?

A

Hemolysis

75
Q

What presenting complaint do cats show when infected with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Vocalization, lethargy.

76
Q

What is the best diagnostic tool used to diagnose Cytauxzoonosis in a cat?

A

Peripheral blood smear

77
Q

What feline fungal disease leaves skin lesion and is treated with Itraconazole?

A

Sporotrichosis

78
Q

Most common species of Bartonella in feline.

A

B. Henselae

79
Q

What type of environment does Bartonella like to live?

A

Warm and humid

80
Q

How is Bartonella transmitted?

A

Flea

81
Q

What is the zoonotic disease caused by Bartonella?

A

Cat Scratch Fever

82
Q

T/F: Most cats infected with Bartonella do not show clinical signs.

A

TRUE

83
Q

Definitive diagnosis for Bartonella.

A

Blood culture

84
Q

3 drugs given as treatment for Bartonella.

A

Enrofloxacin- retinal detachment

Doxycycline- esophagitis

85
Q

What does M. Haemofelis cause?

A

Anemia

86
Q

What does M. Haemintutum cause?

A

Rarely causes signs

87
Q

How is Mycoplasma naturally transmitted?

A

Infected blood, Arthropoda/ fleas, fighting and saliva, and in utero or milk

88
Q

2 different ways hemolytic anemia is caused in Mycoplasma.

A
  1. Immune mediated destruction of RBCs

2. Hemolysis due to attachment of RBCs

89
Q

What is mycoplasma hard to find in the blood?

A

Cyclic parasitemia- it’s there and then it’s gone

90
Q

2 main signs seen with Mycoplasma.

A

Pale MM and Icterus

91
Q

What causes icterus in Mycoplasma?

A

Hemolysis

92
Q

Where should the blood sample be taken when diagnosing Mycoplasma?

A

Capillary bed- ear

93
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat Mycoplasma and which one causes less side effects?

A

Doxycycline and Pradofloxacin (less side effects)

94
Q

What do we need to add to the treatment of Mycoplasma to decrease RBC phagocytosis in anemic animal?

A

Prednisolone

SAM I Exam II Repeat (2 decks)

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