Feeding 1 Flashcards
What are some variables that are kept fixed within a fixed range by biological processes
Temperature, levels, oxygen, glucose, calcium, protein, fat, and acidity in the body
What is the single optimal value that a body works to maintain called
The Set point
what is Negative Feedback
processes that reduce discrepancies from the set point, pushes the body back towards the set point
What are some behaviours that can be described as negative feedback
Thirst, Hunger, seeking shelter, shivering, seeking rest
What is Allostasis
adaptive way where the body anticipates needs depending on the situation (helps avoid errors instead of fixing them)
What signals the pituitary glad to release hormones
The Hypothalamus
What are cephalic factors and give examples
Things and signals that prompt you to start eating
sight, smells, and texture (crispy textures are more attractive than slimy textures,
social contexts can also increase food consumption(eat more with people than alone)
What is the main satiety signal
the distention (stretching) of the stomach detected by the Vagus Nerve (cranial nerve X)
What hormone does the Duodenum release
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
How is the CCK released and used
By consuming a lot of fat or exanding the duodenum which causes satiety
how does CCK regulate satiety
closes the sphincter between stomach and duodenum and causes stomach to fill faster
stimulate the vagus nerve to send a message to the hypothalamus releasing a chemical similar to CCK
Stimulates the area postrema following ingestion of fat: induces Nausea
How does the trigger zone cause nausea
detects “rotten smells” and triggers nausea
eating a lot of fat releases CCK which activates Area Postrema and instigates nausea
Where does excess glucose go
gets stored as glycogen and fat in the liver
what allows body to absorb glucose
insulin
what happens when the stomach is empty
excess glucose is released by glycogen and fat
how is glycogen and fat used
pancreas releases glucagon allowing for its use
Walk through the steps after a meal leading to hunger (include relations to glucose)
- Eat
- Blood Glucose levels increase
- insulin gets released
- glucose enters cells
- decrease of glucose levels and insulin
- pancreas releases glucagon
- hunger increases
what happens if insulin levels stay high
body rapidly moves blood glucose into the cells long after meal
glucose drops and hunger increases even tho insulin levels are high
food is rapidly deposited as fat and glycogen
causes weight gain
