Feed Evaluation - NFE

Question 1

• Should represent the total bulk of feeds
• Must ensure the credibility of the values obtained in the analysis

Answer 1

Sampling Feeds For Analysis

Question 2

Sampling feeds for analysis considerations (5)

Answer 2

1. Sampling size and scheme
2. Sampling equipment
3. Sampling preparation and retention
4. Sampling purpose
5. Type of material to sample

Question 3

A tool that collects representative samples form big containers e.g. whole grains

Answer 3

Slotted grain probe

Question 4

use to obtain samples from sacks

Answer 4

Tapered bag trier/Buriki

Question 5

obtain samples from the floor

Answer 5

Pelican sampler

Question 6

– used for liquid ingredients
e.g. oil and molasses

Answer 6

Bomb sampler

Question 7

METHODS OF FEED EVALUATION (4)

Answer 7

1. Physical methods
2. Proximate analysis
3. Mineral analysis
4. Quick Test Kits

Question 8

METHODS OF FEED EVALUATION
* Uses naked eye, ______ (2)
* Observe for insect pests, molds, stones and other extraneous substances
* Adulterants may also be seen under the microscope

Answer 8

Physical methods
stereomicroscope

Question 9

METHODS OF FEED EVALUATION
detailed procedure may be sourced from American Organization of Analytical Chemists (AOAC)

Answer 9

Proximate Analysis

Question 10

• Obtained by drying a known weight
  of the sample at 105*C
• %DM = wt after drying/wt before
  drying x 100
• %moisture = 100 - %DM

Answer 10

Moisture

Question 11

Other methods of moisture determination: (4)

Answer 11

1. Toluene distillation method
2. Vacuum oven drying
3. Freeze drying
4. Low heat oven drying

Question 12

Other methods of moisture determination:
high moisture fresh grasses and silages

Answer 12

Toluene distillation method

Question 13

Other methods of moisture determination:
to avoid excessive losses in the volatile substances needed for subsequent analyses

Answer 13

Low heat oven drying

Question 14

• Determined using Kjeldahl apparatus
• Digestion using ______
• Adding ______to separate the nitrogen liberating it as ammonia
• Distillation to remove ammonia through boric acid-containing receiver
• %CP = %Nitrogen x 6.25
• Most protein in feeds contains 15-18%N (100/16 =
  6.25)

Answer 14

Protein
sulfuric acid
sodium hydroxide

Question 15

• Extracted using Soxhlet apparatus
• Fats and non fat substances are dissolved in
  ________ (4hrs)

Answer 15

Fat/Lipid Component
petroleum ether

Question 16

Nutritionally significant only if feeds contain
true fats, fatty acids of fat soluble vits and
their precursors

TRUE OR FALSE: fat extraction

Answer 16

true

Question 17

• Simulates process of digestion
• Weak acid (sulfuric acid), weak alkali (sodium
  hydroxide) to dissolve organic substances except _____
• ______is recovered and ashed
• Loss in weight after ashing is the ____ (_______are dissolved in the process)

Answer 17

fiber
CF
hemicellulose

Question 18

• Obtained by subjecting the sample to 550-600*C to solubilize the organic substances
• The value is used to calculate total organic matter content
• Preparatory step in quantitatively analyzing minerals
• ________and _______are lost during this step

Answer 18

Ash
Selenium
iodine

Question 19

• Includes the soluble component of carobhydrates
• Value is obtained by subtracting from 100 the percentages of moisture, protein, fat, carbo and ash.
• Error may accumulate

Answer 19

Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)