(Federalism 1.3) Flashcards
Block grants
broad/general more flexible on how it is spent
Categorical grants
targeted/specific but strings attached
Conditions of aid
Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.
Commerce clause
Congress can regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among several states, and Indian tribes
(Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3)
Concurrent powers
powers given to both states and the federal government by the U.S. Constitution
Delegated powers (enumerated)
powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution
Devolution revolution
Reagan’s ideology that political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government
Dillon’s rule
narrow interpretation of a local government’s authority, in which a sub-state government may engage in an activity only if it is specifically sanctioned by the state government
Federalism
system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and various regional governments
Full Faith and Credit Clause
addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”
Grants-in-aid- system
Money paid from one level of government to another level to be spent on a specific purpose
Initiative
procedure by which a specified number of voters may propose a statute, constitutional amendment, or ordinance, and compel a popular vote on its adoption
Layer cake v. Marble cake analogy
Dual Federalism vs. Cooperative Federalism
Mandate
federal requirement that the state undertake a certain activity or provide a service
Supremacy clause
states all laws made furthering the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the “supreme law of the land.”
Necessary and Proper (elastic) clause
National GOV has certain implied powers that go beyond delegated power
Police power
capacity of the states to regulate behavior and enforce order within their territory for the betterment of the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of their inhabitants
Recall
allows citizens to remove and replace a public official before the end of a term of office
Referendum
general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision
Reserved powers
powers reserved, or set aside, to the states (10th Amendment)
Revenue sharing
distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments
Ninth Amendment
addresses rights, retained by the people, that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution
Tenth Amendment
any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland did not want Bank of U.S. to operate in state, but court ruled the Bank was Constitutional.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Supreme Court held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause
