Federal System Flashcards
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth
Andrew Johnson
17th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote
Barack Obama
The 44th president of the United States. He previously served in the Senate, representing Illinois. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in diplomacy and his work to expand health insurance coverage led to the passage of the Affordable Care Act.
Barron V. Baltimore
he Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution’s Bill of Rights restricts only the powers of the federal government and not those of the state governments.
bill of attainder
law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial
block grant
large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines
calvin coolidge
John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor
categorical Grants
grant that appropriates federal funds to states for a specific purpose
Confederate States of America
A republic formed in February, 1861, and composed of the 11 Southern states that seceded from the United States in order to preserve slavery and states’ rights. It was dissolved in 1865 after being defeated in the American Civil War.
Confederation
type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states
Cooperative Federalism
interwind relationship between the national, state, and local government that began with the New Deal, often referred to as marble-cake federalism
Counties
basic administration unit of local government
Civil War
war between citizens of the same country.
Charter
document that like a constitution specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institution of local government; for local governments must be approved by state legislature
Concurrent Powers
powers shared by the national and state government
Democracy
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Dillon’s Rule
premise articulated by Judge John F Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by the state government that can create or abolish them
Dred Scott V Sandford
Dred Scott v. Sandford In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.
Dual federalism
belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism
Enumerated Powers
powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I section 8 of the Constitution
ex post facto law
law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the acton was legal at the time it was committed
Extradition Clause
part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite or return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial
Federal System
system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II
Full faith and credit clause
section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state
Gibbons V Ogden
a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.
Great Society
a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.
Herbert Hoover
31st President of the United States; in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed and Hoover was defeated for reelection by Franklin Roosevelt
Implied Powers
The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.
Interstate Compacts
an agreement between two or more states.
Iroquois Confederacy
a member of a former confederacy of North American Indian peoples originally comprising the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca peoples (known as the Five Nations), and later including also the Tuscarora
John C. Calhoun
The leading southern politician of the early nineteenth century; he served as vice president under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson and then was elected senator from South Carolina.
John Marshall
American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835
Lyndon B. Johnson
American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
McCullough V. Maryland
a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.
Monarchy
a form of government with a monarch at the head.
Municipitalities
a city or town that has corporate status and local government.
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by liberal Democrats led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1936.
New federalism
New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.
Nullification
the act of cancelling something.
Oligarchy
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
Privileges and immunities clause
The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may plausibly be inferred from the clause
Programmatic requests
guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress.
Progressive Federalism
system by the Obama administration, progressive federalism provides states with greater control over issues previously reserved for the federal government, such as environmental and consumer protection.
Reconstruction
the period 1865–77 following the Civil War, during which the states of the Confederacy were controlled by the federal government and social legislation, including the granting of new rights to African-Americans, was introduced.
Reserved powers
Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.
Roger. B Taney
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens
Ronald Reagan
A political leader of the twentieth century, elected president in 1980 and 1984. Reagan went into politics after a career as a film actor. He served as governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and became a leading spokesman for conservatism in the United States.
Secession
the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
Seventeenth ammendment
established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states.
Sixteenth ammendment
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.
Special District
Special districts are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments, with substantial administrative and fiscal independence. They are formed to perform a single function or a set of related functions.
Tenth Ammendment
Bill of Rights that basically says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states.
Tolitarianism
relating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
Unitary System
System of government in which the local and regional government derive all authority from a strong national government.
