APGOVCh.2.Joshua.Pereyda Flashcards
Flashcards
alexander hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation’s financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper
anti federalist
Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority
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articles of confederation
The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution
benjamin franklin
Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSE was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat
bill of rights
the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.
checks and balances
counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
common sense
good sense and sound judgment in practical matters.
constitution
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
constitutional convention
The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
crispus attacks
Crispus Attucks ( c. 1723 – March 5, 1770) was an American stevedore of African and Native American descent, widely regarded as the first person killed in the Boston massacre and thus the first American killed in the American Revolution.
critical period
a period during someone’s development in which a particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.
declaration of independence
the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain. An example of the Declaration of Independence was the document adopted at the Second Continental Congress on July 4th, 1776.
electoral college
(in the US) a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.
enumerated powers
The powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution are sometimes called ‘delegated’ or ‘expressed powers,’ but most often they are known as ‘enumerated powers,’ and they describe how a central government with three distinct branches can operate effectively
federalism
the federal principle or system of government.
federalists
a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority.
the federalist papers
is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.
first continental congress
was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.
french and indian war
A series of military engagements between Britain and France in North America between 1754 and 1763. The French and Indian War was the American phase of the Seven Years’ War, which was then underway in Europe
full faith and credit clause
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”
george washington
The first president of the United States, and the commanding general of the victorious American army in the Revolutionary War. The best known of the Founding Fathers, Washington is called the father of his country. He was born in 1732 in Virginia and showed early talent as a surveyor and farmer.
great compromise
was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States …
implied powers
are powers of U.S. government which have not been explicitly granted by the Constitution but that is implied by the necessary and proper clause to be delegated for the purpose of carrying out the enumerated powers.
inherent powers
are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.
james madison
was a member of the Continental Congress. A leader in the drafting of the Constitution, he worked tirelessly for its adoption by the states, contributing several essays to The Federalist Papers. He served as president from 1809 to 1817, after Thomas Jefferson.
john jay
was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States.
lexington and concord
The first battle of the Revolutionary War, fought in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775. British troops had moved from Boston toward Lexington and Concord to seize the colonists’ military supplies and arrest revolutionaries.
mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
montesquieu
French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
necessary and proper clause
A section of the United States Constitution that enables Congress to make the laws required for the exercise of its other powers established by the Constitution.
new jersey plan
was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.
new world
is one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda). … The Americas were also referred to as the “fourth part of the world”.
political culture
is thus the manifestation of the psychological and subjective dimensions of politics. A political culture is the product of both the history of a political system and the histories of the members. Thus, it is rooted equally in public events and private experience.
samuel adams
American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)
second continental congress
was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774,
separation of powers
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
shays rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in a protest against perceived economic and civil rights injustices
social contract theory
In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a thegory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.
sons and daughters of liberty
Like other secret clubs at the time, the Sons of Liberty had many rituals. They had secret code words, medals, and symbols. Originally formed in response to the Stamp Act, their activities were far more than ceremonial.
stamp act congress
The Stamp Act Congress, or First Congress of the American Colonies, was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765, in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies
supremacy clause
Legal Definition. n. The clause in United States Constitution’s Article VI, stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the “supreme law of the land.”
thomas jefferson
was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.
thomas paine
American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist’s fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)
three fifths compromise
was a compromise reached among state delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. … The compromise solution was to count three out of every five slaves as a person for this purpose.
Virginia plan
was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
