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Clinical Parasitology Laboratory > Fecalysis > Flashcards

Fecalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Are examined for protozoa, helminthes, larva or eggs.

A

Fecal specimen

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2
Q

2 Stages of protozoa found in stool samples are

A
  1. Trophozoites
  2. Cysts
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2
Q

2 Stages of Parasites

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Heminthes
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3
Q

2 Helminthes

A
  1. Platyhelminthes
  2. Helminths
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4
Q

Container should be free from [2]

A

Antiseptic and Disinfectant

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5
Q

Suitable for qualitative testing for blood and microscopic examination.

A

Random specimen

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6
Q

For quantitative fecal testing such as fecal fat testing.

A

Timed specimen

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7
Q

The container with specimen should be clearly labeled with what [2]

A
  1. Patient’s name or number
  2. Date and time of collection
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8
Q

It allows fecal samples to be examined after a delay in delivery or postage or testing.

A

Preservation

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9
Q

5 Most common fixatives

A
  1. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
  2. Merthiolate Iodine Formalin, (MIF)
  3. Sodium acetate Acetic acid Formalin (SAF)
  4. Formalin
  5. Bayer’s solution
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10
Q

Beyond __ hour the stool must be refrigerated.

A

1

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11
Q

It has been used for many years as an all purpose fixative that is appropriate for helminthes eggs and larvae for protozoan cyst.

A

Formalin 4%

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12
Q

The major disadvantage of this fixative is that permanent staining procedures can’t be performed from formalin preserved stool samples.

[fixative]

A

Formalin

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13
Q

This fixative is recommended for the preservation of the trophozoite and cyst stages of the intestinal protozoa, and also suitable for helminthes eggs and larvae.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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14
Q

The preservation of the two stages of protozoa is excellent.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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15
Q

A plastic resin that serves as adhesive for the stool material.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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16
Q

Concentration methods can’t performed the specimen preserved by this fixative.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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17
Q

The greatest advantage of this fixative is that a permanent stain can be prepared from stool specimen preserved by this fixative, giving excellent result to trichrome staining.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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18
Q

Specimen preserved by PVA can’t be used with immunoassay kits.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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19
Q

Toxic, because contain mercury compound.

[fixative]

A

PVA

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20
Q

Good routine fixative for protozoan cyst and trophozoites, helminthes, eggs and larvae.

[fixative]

A

SAF

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21
Q

The preserved stool samples permits concentration techniques, most monoclonal detection kits, and permanent staining.

[fixative]

A

SAF

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22
Q

It has poor adhesive properties.

[fixative]

A

SAF

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23
Q

Mayer’s albumin has been recommended as an adhesive.

[fixative]

A

SAF

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24
Q

Preserved material can be used for concentration techniques and permanent stained smears. (CB, IHK)

[fixative]

A

SAF

25
Q

Preserved material can be used for some immunoassay methods.

[fixative]

A

SAF

26
Q

Easy to prepare and has long shelf life.

[fixative]

A

SAF

27
Q

Unlike PVA, it contains no mercury compounds. It is therefore much less toxic than PVA.

[fixative]

A

SAF

28
Q

The fixative was originally developed as a screening procedure for intestinal parasites.

[fixative]

A

MIF

29
Q

Combines preservation and staining for most kinds and stages found in faeces.

[fixative]

A

MIF

30
Q

It contains, Merthiolate, Iodine, Formalin

[fixative]

A

MIF

31
Q

Major disadvantages are short life and permanent stained smears can’t prepared.

[fixative]

A

MIF

32
Q

Wash in water to remove the mucus.

[preservation of worms]

A

Cestodes

33
Q

Large tapeworms such as Taenia can be washed for several hours to relax the musculature, can then be fixed in 10% formol saline.

[preservation of worms]

A

Cestodes

34
Q

These should be treated in a similar manner to cestodes, and mounted with ventral sucker uppermost.

[preservation of worms]

A

Trematodes

35
Q

Adult are washed in saline to remove mucus.

[preservation of worms]

A

Nematodes

36
Q

Large worms such as Ascaris lumbricoides can be fixed and preserved in cold 5% formalin.

[preservation of worms]

A

Nematodes

37
Q

3 Preservation of worms.

A
  1. Cestodes
  2. Trematodes
  3. Nematodes
38
Q

Liquid specimens (which are more likely to contain trophozoites) should be examined within 30 mins while soft specimens within 1 hour of passage.

A

Specimen processing

39
Q

A series of tests done on a stool (feces) sample to help diagnose certain conditions affecting the digestive tract.

A

Stool analysis

40
Q

These conditions can include infection (such as from parasites, viruses, or bacteria), poor nutrient absorption, or cancer.

A

Stool analysis

41
Q

The smallest acceptable amount of stool is.

A

2-5 g

42
Q

It should not be allowed to contaminate the specimen.

A

Urine

43
Q

Color & Consistency

[laboratory analysis]

A

Macroscopic Examination

44
Q
  • WHC/HPF
  • RBC/HP
  • Mucus
A

Microscopic Examination

45
Q

It is a normal color, results from the intestinal oxidation of stercobilinogen to urobilin.

[color]

A

Brown

46
Q

Colors occur when iron or bismuth is taken or when there is intestinal hemorrhage.

[color]

A

Bright red to Dark red

47
Q

Stools indicate the biliary obstruction, steatorrea, and also associated with diagnostic procedures that use barium sulfate.

[color]

A

Pale yellow

48
Q

Stools occur when there is obstructive jaundice.

[color]

A

White stools

49
Q

Stool may observed in patient taking oral antibiotic, because of oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin.

[color]

A

Green stool

50
Q

It is the simplest and easiest technique for the examination of feces, and this method should be performed in all laboratories at peripheral level.

[microscopic examination]

A

Wet mount

51
Q

It can be prepared directly from fecal material or from concentrated specimens.

[microscopic examination]

A

Wet mount

52
Q

Used for the initial microscopic examination of stool specimens.

[microscopic examination]

A

Saline wet mount

53
Q

This type of mount can also reveal the presence of red blood cells and white blood cells.

[microscopic examination]

A

Saline wet mount

54
Q

It is used mainly to stain glycogen and the nuclei of cysts, if present.

[microscopic examination]

A

Iodine wet mount

55
Q

Cyst can usually be specifically identified in this mount.

[microscopic examination]

A

Iodine wet mount

56
Q

Stains amoebic trophozoites, but not stain amoebic cysts, flagellate trophozoites or flagellate cysts.

[microscopic examination]

A

Buffered Methylene Blue Wet Mount

57
Q

Take the portion of stool from an area to include inside and outside parts of the specimen.

[stool type]

A

Formed stool

58
Q

If mucus is present, label a second slide with the patient’s name or number.

[stool type]

A

Stool with mucus

59
Q

If mucus is not present, pick up a small portion of the stool and mix with saline.

[stool type]

A

Loose watery stool

Clinical Parasitology Laboratory (3 decks)

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