February 2nd Lab

Question 1

What is the structure of cyclohexane?

Answer 1

It’s weird, look it up.

Question 2

What is the structure of toluene?

Answer 2

Benzene ring, but with a circle inside instead of double bonds and with a CH3 sticking out of the top

Question 3

What is the structure of p-xylene?

Answer 3

Benezene ring, with two CH3 pairs. The top three sides are CH3 sticking out, double bond, single bond, double bond, and CH3 sticking out

Question 4

What is a theoretical plate? What are its advantages?

Answer 4

A theoretical plate (N) is defined as one cycle of evaporation-condensation. A simple distillation has only one. The efficiency of fractional distillation is quantified by the number of theoretical plates, because multiple theoretical plates give better separations.

Question 5

What are “Azeotropoes”?

Answer 5

An azeotrope is a non-ideal binary liquid mixture. Low boiling azeotropes are more common. At the minimum or maximum BP azeotropic composition, the liquid and vapor have the same composition and cannot be separated by distillation. Changing the distillation pressure can move or eliminate the azeotrope.

Question 6

Describe the glassware setup

Answer 6

(From table to top) Hot plate-> Al block-> conical vial with spin vane -> claisen head (insulated) -> Hickman still head -> thermometer