Feb Assesment JPL Flashcards
What does the amateur code stress?
- sport purely for the sake of it
What does the profesional code place emphasis on?
- winning
Amateurism was associated with sport during the late nineteenth century. What where its values?
- appreciating the value of health and fitness
- appreciating the value of rule regulated activity
- high moral integrity
Give three characteristics of a gentleman amateur.
- belonging to the social elite with wealth and plenty time to play sport
- training was frowned upon by gentlemen amateurs
- being a respectful member of society with a public school background
- playing sport to a high moral code
In the nineteenth century, who held a higher status between amateurs and professionals?
- amateurs
Who dominated sport in the 19th cent?
- dominated and run by the upper and middle classes
- had high status in sport and society
What where some positive impacts of amateurism in the 19th cent? (similar to the characteristics of amateurism)
- the code of amateurism
- a code of ethics that amateurism adhered to
- belonging to the social elite
- participation in sport more important then winning
How was the code of amateurism a positive impacts of amateurs?
- they played sport to clearly set rules
- put in place by middle and upper classes that formed NGBs
- kept sport at a high standard
Why was a code of ethics a positive of amateurism?
- they played sport to a high set of moral rules
- fair play and sportsmanship
Why was belonging to the social elite a positive impacts of amateurism?
- sport was played for the momentary gain
- for the love of the sport, not about the winning
What was the background of professionals in the 19th century?
- a low status
- couldn’t afford to play without getting paid
- poor background
What was different about the moral values of amateurs and professionals?
- professionals tried to stretcher the rules to their absolute limit
- foul play and gamesmanship
- higher chance of winning
When did challenges to refereeing decisions come in?
- when professionalism set in
Give three examples of the differences between rugby union players (gentleman amateurs) and rugby league (working-class professional)
- wealthy/poor
- lots of free time/very little free time due to working hours
- no desire to train improve/commuted to train and perform as well as possible
In the early twentieth century, what were the key features of amateurs?
- they still had a high status
- they still controlled sport
- they were still the top performers
- the were still highly moral
What are the features of modern day amateurs?
- tend to be lower status
- some high level performers are still not professional
- blurring of amateur and professional distinctions
- some amateurs receive finance to pay for training expenses
- train as full time athletes
What were the positive impacts of nineteenth century professionalism on sport development?
- broken time payments emerged
- working class could get paid for playing
- standards of performance improved because of dedication to training
- earning money from sport was an avenue for social mobility
- a determination to succeed
What are the positives of modern day amateurism?
- codes of amateurism are still evident in sport
- some sports still have codes of conduct based on amateur principles
What are the characteristics of modern-day professionalism?
- all classes can compete
- social class no longer a barrier
- people are respected for there talents and efforts in reaching the top
- high rewards for professionals
- more media coverage and investment in sport
- role models
What are the socio-cultural factors that have led to an increase in women’s participation in elite level activities?
- equal opportunities
- increased media coverage for women’s football
- more female role models in football
- NGBs: increased approval/encouragement from FA
- national curriculum
- more clubs
- funding at grass roots level
- leisure time
Explain how equal opportunities has led to the emergence of elite females in modern day sport
- more sports are generally available and socially acceptable
- less sexual discrimination due to the Sex Discrimination Act
- war effort from women led to the breaking down of myths
Explain how increased more free time has helped with the emergence of elite females in modern-day sport.
- the traditional domestic role of women has decreased
- more time for them to play sport
In which sport are there lots of role models for girls and large sponsorship deals?
- lawn tennis
In the late twentieth century, what’s was the treatment of women in athletics like?
- indifferent
