Features Of Science (RM P2)

Question 1

What is Falsifiability?

Answer 1

• A theory can only be considered scientific if in principle it was possible to be established as false
• Karl Popper said that science should attempt to disprove a theory rather than support the theoretical hypothesis

Question 2

What is Objectivity?

Answer 2

• When measurement of variables is not affected by the expectations of the researcher
• Biases must not be allowed to affect the results

Question 3

What is Replicability?

Answer 3

• The ability to accurately record procedures to allow replication
• If results are the same, this increases the validity of original findings

Question 4

What are Empirical Methods?

Answer 4

• Involves use of objective observations in a systematically controlled, replicable situation in order to test or refine a theory
• e.g. B.F Skinner’s 1930 experiments using the skinner box to investigate operant conditioning (learning from consequences) in rats

Question 5

What is a Paradigm?

Answer 5

A shared set of assumptions and methods within a subject

Question 6

What is a Paradigm Shift?

Answer 6

When a scientific revolution occurs e.g. evolution

Question 7

Induction Theory Construction

Answer 7

• Observations
• Testable hypothesis
• Conduct study to test hypothesis
• Draw conclusions
• Propose theory

Question 8

Deduction Theory Construction

Answer 8

• Observations
• Propose theory
• Testable hypothesis
• Conduct study to test hypothesis
• Draw conclusions

Question 9

What is Hypothesis Testing?

Answer 9

In order to make clear/precise predictions on the basis of a theory, hypothesis should be tested using systematic and objective methods to determine whether it should be supported or rejected