Features Flashcards by Rachel Blackmore

+/- syllabic definition

[+syllabic] sounds form nucleus of a syllable

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+/- consonantal definition

-consonantal = having no constriction in the vocal tract

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+/- sonorant definition

-sonorant = build up of pressure behind an oral constriction

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+/- Approximant definition

+approx = have non-turbulent airflow

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+/- continuant definition

-continuant = complete closure in the oral cavity (mouth closes completely)

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+/- nasal definition

+nasal = articulated with open velum

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+/- lateral definition

+lateral = vocal tract closed at center, but open at the sides

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+/- delayed release definition

+delayed release = opening from a stop into a fricative (aka an affricate)

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+/- voice definition

+voice = vibrating vocal folds

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Spread glottis definition

Large glottal opening gesture

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Constricted glottis definition

Constricted vocal folds

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Labial definition

Constriction at the lips

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Coronal definition

Constriction made with the tongue front

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Dorsal definition

Constriction made with the tongue body

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Pharyngeal definition

Constriction made with the tongue root

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Laryngeal definition

Constriction at the glottis

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+/- anterior definition

+anterior sounds are made WITH the TONGUE FRONT AT OR IN FRONT of the ALVEOLAR RIDGE

-anterior sounds made with the TONGUE FRONT BEHIND the ALVEOLAR RIDGE; applies only to CORONAL SOUNDS

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+/- distributed

+distributed sounds have a wider area of constriction

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+/- strident definition

+strident sounds have high amplitude, high pitched frication

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Vowels: +/- round definition

+round have rounding of the lips

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+/- high definition

Tongue body is raised from the neutral position

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Vowels: +/- low definition

+low = tongue body is lowered from the neutral position

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Vowels: +/- back

+ back = tongue body is moved back from the neutral position

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Vowels: +/- ATR

+ATR = the tongue root is pulled forward

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What are the 4 major class features?

+/- syllabic +/- consonantal +/- sonorant +/- Approximant

What are the 4 manner features?

+/- continuant +/- nasal +/- lateral +/- delayed release

What are the 3 laryngeal features?

+/- voice Spread glottis Constricted glottis

What are the 5 monovalent (unary) place features?

``` Labial Coronal Dorsal Pharyngeal Laryngeal ```

What are the three subsidiary features?

+/- anterior +/- distributed +/- strident

What are the five vowel features?

``` +/- round +/- high +/- low +/- back +/- ATR ```

+syllabic sounds

Vowels

-syllabic sounds

Glides and other consonants

+consonantal sounds

Anything other than glides/vowels

+sonorant sounds

Nasals, liquids, glides and vowels (all sonorants!)

-sonorant sounds

Stops Fricatives Affricates (All obstruents!)

+approximant sounds

Liquids, glides and vowels

-approximant sounds

Stops, fricatives and nasals

+continuant sounds

Fricatives Liquids Glides vowels

-continuant sounds

Oral stops Nasal stops Affricates

+nasal sounds

Nasal stops and vowels

-nasal sounds

Everything other than nasal stops and nasal vowels

+lateral sounds

L-sounds

-lateral sounds

Everything other than l-sounds

+delayed release sounds

Affricates

-delayed release sounds

Stops and everything other than Affricates

+voice sounds

Sounds with vocal fold vibration

-voice sounds

Voiceless or devoiced sounds

+spread glottis sounds

Aspirated stops and [h]

-spread glottis sounds

Unaspirated stops

+constricted glottis sounds

Ejectives and glottal stops

-constricted glottis

All stops other than ejectives and glottal stops

Labial sounds

Bilabials and labiodentals

Coronal sounds

``` Dentals Alveolars Postalveolars Retroflexes Palatals ```

Dorsal sounds

Velars and uvulars

Pharyngeal sounds

Pharyngeal fricatives

Laryngeal

Glottal stops and [h]

+anterior sounds

Dentals | Alveolars

-anterior sounds

Postalveolars Retroflexes Palatals

+distributed sounds

Dentals Postalveolars Palatals Bilabials

-distributed sounds

Alveolars Retroflexes Labiodentals

+strident sounds

Sibilants (aka alveolar and postalveolar fricatives and affricates)

-strident sounds

Non-sibilant sounds (anything other than alveolar and postalveolar fricatives and affricates)

+round sounds

Round vowels and round consonants (diacritic w)

-round sounds

All sounds other than round vowels or round consonants (diacritic w)

+high sounds

High vowels Palatals Velars

-high sounds

Mid and low vowels | Uvulars

+low sounds

Low vowels

-low sounds

Mid and high vowels

+back sounds

Back and central vowels

-back sounds

Front vowels

+ATR sounds

Tense vowels

-ATR sounds

Lax vowels