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LING321: Phonology > Features > Flashcards

Features Flashcards

1
Q

+/- syllabic definition

A

[+syllabic] sounds form nucleus of a syllable

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2
Q

+/- consonantal definition

A

-consonantal = having no constriction in the vocal tract

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3
Q

+/- sonorant definition

A

-sonorant = build up of pressure behind an oral constriction

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4
Q

+/- Approximant definition

A

+approx = have non-turbulent airflow

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5
Q

+/- continuant definition

A

-continuant = complete closure in the oral cavity (mouth closes completely)

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6
Q

+/- nasal definition

A

+nasal = articulated with open velum

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7
Q

+/- lateral definition

A

+lateral = vocal tract closed at center, but open at the sides

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8
Q

+/- delayed release definition

A

+delayed release = opening from a stop into a fricative (aka an affricate)

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9
Q

+/- voice definition

A

+voice = vibrating vocal folds

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10
Q

Spread glottis definition

A

Large glottal opening gesture

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11
Q

Constricted glottis definition

A

Constricted vocal folds

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12
Q

Labial definition

A

Constriction at the lips

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13
Q

Coronal definition

A

Constriction made with the tongue front

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14
Q

Dorsal definition

A

Constriction made with the tongue body

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15
Q

Pharyngeal definition

A

Constriction made with the tongue root

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16
Q

Laryngeal definition

A

Constriction at the glottis

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17
Q

+/- anterior definition

A

+anterior sounds are made WITH the TONGUE FRONT AT OR IN FRONT of the ALVEOLAR RIDGE

-anterior sounds made with the TONGUE FRONT BEHIND the ALVEOLAR RIDGE; applies only to CORONAL SOUNDS

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18
Q

+/- distributed

A

+distributed sounds have a wider area of constriction

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19
Q

+/- strident definition

A

+strident sounds have high amplitude, high pitched frication

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20
Q

Vowels: +/- round definition

A

+round have rounding of the lips

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21
Q

+/- high definition

A

Tongue body is raised from the neutral position

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22
Q

Vowels: +/- low definition

A

+low = tongue body is lowered from the neutral position

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23
Q

Vowels: +/- back

A

+ back = tongue body is moved back from the neutral position

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24
Q

Vowels: +/- ATR

A

+ATR = the tongue root is pulled forward

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25
Q

What are the 4 major class features?

A

+/- syllabic
+/- consonantal
+/- sonorant
+/- Approximant

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26
Q

What are the 4 manner features?

A

+/- continuant
+/- nasal
+/- lateral
+/- delayed release

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27
Q

What are the 3 laryngeal features?

A

+/- voice
Spread glottis
Constricted glottis

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28
Q

What are the 5 monovalent (unary) place features?

A 
Labial
Coronal 
Dorsal 
Pharyngeal 
Laryngeal
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29
Q

What are the three subsidiary features?

A

+/- anterior
+/- distributed
+/- strident

30
Q

What are the five vowel features?

A 
\+/- round
\+/- high
\+/- low
\+/- back
\+/- ATR
31
Q

+syllabic sounds

A

Vowels

32
Q

-syllabic sounds

A

Glides and other consonants

33
Q

+consonantal sounds

A

Anything other than glides/vowels

34
Q

+sonorant sounds

A

Nasals, liquids, glides and vowels (all sonorants!)

35
Q

-sonorant sounds

A

Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
(All obstruents!)

36
Q

+approximant sounds

A

Liquids, glides and vowels

37
Q

-approximant sounds

A

Stops, fricatives and nasals

38
Q

+continuant sounds

A

Fricatives
Liquids
Glides
vowels

39
Q

-continuant sounds

A

Oral stops
Nasal stops
Affricates

40
Q

+nasal sounds

A

Nasal stops and vowels

41
Q

-nasal sounds

A

Everything other than nasal stops and nasal vowels

42
Q

+lateral sounds

A

L-sounds

43
Q

-lateral sounds

A

Everything other than l-sounds

44
Q

+delayed release sounds

A

Affricates

45
Q

-delayed release sounds

A

Stops and everything other than Affricates

46
Q

+voice sounds

A

Sounds with vocal fold vibration

47
Q

-voice sounds

A

Voiceless or devoiced sounds

48
Q

+spread glottis sounds

A

Aspirated stops and [h]

49
Q

-spread glottis sounds

A

Unaspirated stops

50
Q

+constricted glottis sounds

A

Ejectives and glottal stops

51
Q

-constricted glottis

A

All stops other than ejectives and glottal stops

52
Q

Labial sounds

A

Bilabials and labiodentals

53
Q

Coronal sounds

A 
Dentals
Alveolars
Postalveolars
Retroflexes
Palatals
54
Q

Dorsal sounds

A

Velars and uvulars

55
Q

Pharyngeal sounds

A

Pharyngeal fricatives

56
Q

Laryngeal

A

Glottal stops and [h]

57
Q

+anterior sounds

A

Dentals

Alveolars

58
Q

-anterior sounds

A

Postalveolars
Retroflexes
Palatals

59
Q

+distributed sounds

A

Dentals
Postalveolars
Palatals
Bilabials

60
Q

-distributed sounds

A

Alveolars
Retroflexes
Labiodentals

61
Q

+strident sounds

A

Sibilants (aka alveolar and postalveolar fricatives and affricates)

62
Q

-strident sounds

A

Non-sibilant sounds (anything other than alveolar and postalveolar fricatives and affricates)

63
Q

+round sounds

A

Round vowels and round consonants (diacritic w)

64
Q

-round sounds

A

All sounds other than round vowels or round consonants (diacritic w)

65
Q

+high sounds

A

High vowels
Palatals
Velars

66
Q

-high sounds

A

Mid and low vowels

Uvulars

67
Q

+low sounds

A

Low vowels

68
Q

-low sounds

A

Mid and high vowels

69
Q

+back sounds

A

Back and central vowels

70
Q

-back sounds

A

Front vowels

71
Q

+ATR sounds

A

Tense vowels

72
Q

-ATR sounds

A

Lax vowels

LING321: Phonology (2 decks)

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