features Flashcards
what do transport systems have (3)
1 - suitable medium in which to carry materials
2- pump
3 - valves to maintain the flow in one direction
what do some transport systems have as well
respiratory pigment
system of vessels
2 types of circulatory systems
open
close
open circulatory system
bathes tissue directly while held in a cavity called the haemocoel
what type of animals have an open blood ystem
insects
shape of heart of insects
long dorsal tube shaped heart
how does open circulatory system work
pumps blood out at low pressure into the haemocoel
2 types of closed circulatory sysetms
single circulation
double circulation
closed circulatory system definition
blood moves in blood vessels
what animals have a single circulation
earthworm
how does earthworm circulatory system
blood moves forward in the dorsal vessel and back into the ventral vessel
what type of pump does earthworms have
5 pseudohearts
what do earthworm pseudohearts do
pump blood from the dorsal to the ventral vessel
what happens to deoxygenated blood in fish
ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills
what happens to oxygenated blood in fish
carried to the tissues
what type of circulation do fish have
single circulation
1 atria, 1 ventricle
how do tissues get blood in double circulatory system
bathed by tissue fluid which leaks out of the thinnest walled blood vessels known as capillaries
2 bits to describe the double circulatory system
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
what is pulmonary circulation
right side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs
what is systemic circulation
serves the body tissues
hole in artieries / valves
lumen
innermost layer of arteries / veins
endothelium
charecteristics of enodpthelium
one cell thick
smooth lining, reduces friction with minimum resistance to blood flow
charecteristics of tunica media
elastic fibres and smooth mescle
contraction of smooth muscle regulated blood flow and maintains blood pressure
middle layer of arteries / veins
tunica media
outer layer of arteries / veins
tunica externa
charecteristics of tunica media
collagen fibres, resist overstretching
what is varicose veins
valves don’t close properly, blood leaks downwards
what are capillaries made of
one layer of endothelium on a basement membrane
why do capillaries have a small diameter
rate of blood flow slows down
