FEAB values and labs

Question 1

Na+ lab range

Answer 1

135-145

Question 2

K lab range

Answer 2

3.5-5.0

Question 3

Ca lab range

Answer 3

8.5-10.5

Question 4

Cl lab range

Answer 4

98-106

Question 5

Mg lab range

Answer 5

1.5-2.5

Question 6

Ph lab range

Answer 6

3.0-4.5

Question 7

Causes of Hyponatemia

Answer 7

decreased consumption
diuretic “thiazides”
Vomiting, GI suction
Dirrhea, sweating
Addisons (low aldosterone)
SAIDH (low ADH)
overload of fluid (CHF)

Question 8

Hyponatremia S/Sx

Answer 8

SALT LOSS
Sz & stopor (decrease LOC)
Abd cramping
Lethargic
Tendon reflexes diminished

Loss of uring & appetite
Orthostatic hypotension, overactive bowel sounds
Shallow respirations (late sign)
Spasms of muscles

Question 9

Hypernatremia causes

Answer 9

Cushings (too much cortisol > too much Na, waste too much K)
Conns syndrome
Hypertonis solutions
not drinking H2O or losing too much (diabetes insipidus)
increase intake

Question 10

Hypernatremia causes

Answer 10

“no FRIED foods for you”
Fatigue
Restless, really agitated
Increased reflexes seizure/coma)
EXTREME THIRST*
Decreased uring output, dry mouth/skin

Question 11

Hypochloremia

Answer 11

follows Na
GI related (vomiting, gastric juice, ileostomy)
Diuretics
Burns
cystic fibrosis
metabolic acidosis (inreases bicarc, decreases Cl)

Question 12

Hypochloremia S/Sx

Answer 12

S/Sx associated with cause
Follow hypo natremia

Question 13

Hyperchloremia causes

Answer 13

too much Na intake
not drinking enough or loosing too much water
decreased bicarb (loosing… dirrhea)
Conns syndrome
corticosteriods
metabolic acidosis

Question 14

Hyperchloremia S/Sx

Answer 14

Similar to hypernatremia and acidosis

Question 15

Hypokalemia causes

Answer 15

opposite of Na
diuretics, corticosteriods, too much insulin (K go into cells)
Cushings
Starvation

Question 16

Hypokalemia s/sx

Answer 16

everything low and slow (7 Ls)
Lethargic
Low shallow respirations
Lethal cardiac dystrhythmias (low T, u wave)
Lots of urine
Leg cramps
Limp muscles (decreased DVR)
Low BP & heart rate

Question 17

Hyperkalemia causes

Answer 17

mmt in to cell
burns, tissue change
Addison’s disease
renal failure
Meds: potassium sparing diuretics, NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors,

Question 18

Hyperkalemia S/Sx

Answer 18

MURDER

Muscle weakness
Urinary output little to none
Respiratory failure
Decreased cardiac contractility
Early: muscle twitches and cramping
Rhythem changes (tall peaked T waves, prolonged PR interval)

Question 19

Hypocalcemia

Answer 19

decreased PTH (thyroidectomy)
decreased intake
low Vit D
CKD

Question 20

Hypocalemia S/Sx

Answer 20

CRAMPS

Convulsions
Reflexes hyperactive
Arrhythmias
Muscle spasms
Positice signs (Trousseau’s/ Chvostek’s)
Sensation of tingling/numbness (parasthesia)

Question 21

Hypercalcemia causes

Answer 21

Hyperactive Parathyroid
increase Vit D
Cancer
thiazides, Lithium

Question 22

Hypercalcemia S/Sx

Answer 22

WEAK

Weakness of muscle (profound)
EKG changes- shortned QU interval
Absnet reflexes, altered emntal status, abd distension
Kidney stone formation

Question 23

Hypomagnesium causes

Answer 23

follows K
Not enough consumption
other electrolyte imbalances
malabsorption in small intestine (PPI)
alchoholism

Question 24

Hypomagnesia S/Sx

Answer 24

TWITCH

Trousseau & Chvostek
Weakness
Increased DTR
Ca & K levels low
Hypertension

Question 25

Hypermagesemia causes

Answer 25

RARE: trying to correct low lag
L&D Mag sulfate
renal function

Question 26

Hypermagnesema S/Sx

Answer 26

LETHARGIC

Lethargic
EKG changes
Tendon reflexes adsent/diminished
Hypotension
Arrhythmias (brady)
Red and hot face
GI issues (N/V)
Impaired breathing (skeletal weakness)
Confusion (neurp impairment)

Question 27

BUN range

Answer 27

8-20

Question 28

Creatinine range

Answer 28

0.7-1.3

Question 29

pH range

Answer 29

7.35-7.45

Question 30

paCO2 range

Answer 30

35-45

Question 31

HCO3 range

Answer 31

22-26

Question 32

urine specific gravity range

Answer 32

1.005-1.030