FC9 Covalent Bonding & Molecular Shape Flashcards
Define covalent bonding
The attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
What is a dative covalent bond
Where both electrons forming the bond are provided by one atom
What is special about elements in period 3 and above
They can have more than 8 electrons in their outer shell
What are polyatomic ions
Made up of more than one atom covalently bonded together within the ion
Electron pair repulsion theory
Electron pairs around the outer shell of the central atom of a molecule repel each other as far away as possible to reduce mutual repulsion
What shape has a bond angle of 180 degrees
Linear
What is the bond angle of linear
180 degrees
What shape has a bond angle of 120 degrees
Trigonal planar
What is the bond angle of trigonal planar
120 degrees
What shape has a bond angle of 109.5 degrees
Tetrahedral
What is the bond angle for tetrahedral
109.5 degrees
What are the bond angles for trigonal bipyramid
90 degrees and 120 degrees
What shape has bond angles of 90 and 120 degrees
Trigonal bipyramid
What is the bond angle for octahedral
90 degrees
What shape has the bond angle 90 degrees
Octahedral
What is the bond angle for pyramidal
107 degrees
How many regions of electron density and if applied then how many lone pairs does pyramidal have
4 regions of which one is a lone pair
How many regions of electron density and if applied then how many lone pairs does non linear have
4 regions of which two are lone pairs
What is the bond angle for non linear
104.5 degrees
Explain the tetrahedral shape of methane
There are 4 areas of electron density around the central C atom, 4 bonded pairs and no lone pairs. The bonds repel each other equally to form a tetrahedral shape and give a bond angle of 109.5 degrees
