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Diagnostic Tests > FBC > Flashcards

FBC Flashcards

1
Q

Microcytic anaemia

A

— Hb

— MCV

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2
Q

Macrocytic anaemia

A

— Hb

++ MCV

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3
Q

Normocytic anaemia

A

— Hb

Normal MCV

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4
Q

Absolute polycythaemia

A

+ RBCs

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5
Q

Relative polycythaemia

A

— plasma

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6
Q

1ry (absolute) polycythaemia

A

+ proliferation of red cell precursors (due to bone marrow issue)

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7
Q

2ry (absolute) polycythaemia

A

+ EPO

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8
Q

EPO is produced in the

A

Kidneys

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9
Q

Myeloproliferative neoplasms that cause 1ry polycythaemia

A

Polycythaemia rubra Vera

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10
Q

Most common causes of 2ry polycythaemia

A
  • smoking

- xs alcohol

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11
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia (TAILS)

A
  • thalassemia/haemoglobinopathies
  • anaemia of chronic disease/inflammation
  • iron deficiency anaemia
  • lead poisoning
  • sideroblastic anaemia
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12
Q

Cause of normacytic anaemia

A
  • anaemia of chronic disease
  • acute blood loss
    • plasma volume
  • haemoglobinopathies
  • aplastic anaemia
  • haemolysis
  • hypersplenism
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13
Q

Causes of macrocytic anaemia

A
  • B12/folate deficiency
  • toxins
  • liver disease
  • reticulocytosis
  • preggo
  • myeloma
  • myelodysplastic syndrome
  • hypothyroidism
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14
Q

Hyperviscocity syndrome is caused by

A

++ Hct

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15
Q

How can mixed anaemia in coeliac disease be detected by looking at the RDW

A
  • iron deficiency —> microcytic
  • B12/folate deficiency —> macrocytic
  • big range in width —> anisocytosis
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16
Q

++ reticulocytes in the context of anaemia implies that bone marrow function is … and so the anaemia must be caused by

A
  • normal

- destruction of blood cells; problems w/ RBC production

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17
Q

— reticulocyte in the context of anaemia implies that bone marrow function is … Potential causes for this can be …

A
  • impaired

- nutritional deficiencies; 1ry BM disorder

18
Q

++ reticulocytes in the context of absent anaemia can indicate

A
  • body effectively compensating for blood loss/haemolysis

- + O2 demands

19
Q

Reactive causes of acute leukocytosis

A
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • post surgery
20
Q

Steroidal causes of acute leukocytosis

A
  • endogenous steroids —> stress response

- exogenous steroids —> meds

21
Q

Haematological causes of acute leukocytosis

A

Acute leukaemia

22
Q

Reactive causes of chronic leukocytosis

A
  • chronic infection

- smoking

23
Q

Haematological causes of chronic leukocytosis

A
  • leukaemia

- subtypes of lymphoma

24
Q

Other (2) causes of chronic leukocytosis

A
  • hyposplenism

- pregnancy

25
Q

What two cell types that make up the majority of white cells in the blood

A
  • neutrophils

- lymphocytes

26
Q

Infective causes of leukopenia

A
  • viral

- sepsis

27
Q

Meds that chase leukopenia

A
  • Abx
  • immunosuppressants
  • anti-epileptics
  • cytotoxic agents
28
Q

Deficiency that causes leukopenia

A
  • B12/folate

- iron

29
Q

Races that have lower (non-pathological) baseline of WCC

A
  • Middle Eastern

- black

30
Q

Failure of bone marrow shows leukopenia alongside what signs

A
  • low platelets

- low haemoglobin

31
Q

Neutropenic sepsis/febrile neutropenia

A

A neutrophil count that is lower than 1.5 is an emergency due to an increased risk of an infection and should therefore be treated w Abx

32
Q

Causes of lymphocytosis

A
  • viral infection
  • smoking
  • hyposplenism
  • malignancy
  • pertussis
33
Q

Causes of lymphopenia

A
  • infection
  • age
  • alcohol
  • HIV
  • autoimmune
  • BM disease
  • meds
  • renal failure
  • congenital
34
Q

Monocytes

A

Did not make notes on these, v similar to rest

35
Q

Eosinophils are key in what infection

A

Helminths

36
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A
  • allergy
  • parasitic infection
  • autoimmune
  • meds
  • GI disease
  • resp disease
  • malignancy
37
Q

No notes on basophils

A

Make up least % of FBC and not significant clinically

38
Q

Raises blasts can be caused by

A
  • acute leukaemia
  • myeloproliferative disorders
  • reactive
  • cytotoxic
39
Q

Clinical features of thrombocytopenia

A
  • mucosal bleeding

- spontaneous bleeding

40
Q

Causes of acute thrombocytopenia

A
  • consumption
  • acute viral infection
  • meds
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
  • immune thrombocytopenia purpura
  • pregnancy
41
Q

Causes of chronic thrombocytopenia

A
  • hypersplenism
  • cirrhosis
  • alcohol xs
  • meds
  • ITP
  • autoimmune
  • B12/folate deficiency
  • iron deficiency
  • HIV
  • heps
  • haematological disease
42
Q

Causes of thrombocytosis

A
  • reactive
  • myeloproliferative disorders
  • iron deficiency
  • hyposplenism
  • underlying malignancy

Diagnostic Tests (10 decks)

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