Fault, Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

Question 1

Give some examples of where these might be found.

Answer 1

The Holderness Coast, Flamborough Head, Old Harry Rocks.

Question 2

Stage 1

Answer 2

Waves attack the cliff by abrasion and hydraulic action opening up faults.

Question 3

Stage 2

Answer 3

Further erosion then occurs through corrosion, abrasion and hydraulic action which opens up faults into caves.

Question 4

Stage 3

Answer 4

Further erosion then means that caves break through the headland and form an arch.

Question 5

Stage 4

Answer 5

The arch then widens and becomes unsupported. The roof collapses leaving a stack.

Question 6

Stage 5

Answer 6

Further abrasion and hydraulic action reduce the stack to a stump.