Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOCHEMISTRY > Fatty Acids > Flashcards

Fatty Acids Flashcards

1
Q

First important regulatory point in fatty acids beta-oxidation is the?

A

carnitine/acyl
carnitine shuttle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Regulation of β-oxidation: what is the rate limiting step of fatty acid oxidation?

A

The carnitine shuttle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fatty acids that enter the mitochondrial are destined for?

A

β-oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the first intermediate produced during fatty acid
synthesis

A

malonyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What inhibits the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase l and therefore blocks β-oxidation from
proceeding

A

Malonyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which transcription factor also promotes transcription of genes required to break down fats

A

CREB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biosynthesis of macromolecules is?

A

reductive and endergonic (energy requiring process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What usually serves as the reducing agent

A

NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the primary component of
triacylglycerols and phospholipids of cell membranes
and other cellular components (i.e. biologically

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reducing agents in B-oxidation?

A

FAD
NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metabolites produced due to high levels of NADH compared to NAD inhibit what enzyme?

A

B-hydroxyacl CoA dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which enzyme does acetylCoA inhibit?

A

Thiolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What enzyme catalyses the formation of malonyl CoA

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What phosphorylates and inactive ACC?

A

cAMP-dependent protein kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

……..phosphorylates several targets e.g Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

AMP activated kinase (AMPK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when acetyl CoA is phosphorylated?

A

It becomes inactivated and switched off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why will defects on fatty acids oxidation impart carbohydrate metabolism

A

Because metabolic pathways are LINKED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chain growth is Catalysed by a set of…..enzymatic reactions called….

A

E enzymatic reactions

Fatty Acid synthase System (FAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

……have the FAS I-multifunctional enzymes with domains with 7 active site.

A

Mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the reducing agents for beta oxidation

A
21
Q

How is Thiol group (-SH of cys residue of enzyme) of ACP and KS (beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase) charged?

A

Charged by being condensed with malonyl CoA and AcetylCoA respectively.

22
Q

What enzyme transfers malonyl CoA to -SH of ACP?

A

Malonyl CoA transferase (MT)

23
Q

What enzyme foes this. Acetyl CoA is transferred to -SH B-ketoacyl CoA ACP?

A

Acetyl CoA transacetylase . AT

24
Q

Mention thd first way of chain lengthing and what catalyses it?

A

B-ketoacyl synthase (KS)

25
Q

Is malonyl coA a good nucleophile?

A

Yes. Loves things with positive charge

26
Q

What is the product of the first chain elongation step?

A

Acetoacetyl-ACP

27
Q

Name the second step and what catalyses it? What it’s reduced to and its electron donor?

A
  1. Reduction of carbonyl group
  2. B-ketoacyl-ACP Reductase
  3. D-B-hydroxylbutyryl-ACP
  4. NADPH
28
Q

Name the third step and what catalyses it? What its formed to and on which carbons does it occur?

A

Dehydration
B-hydroxylacyl-ACP dehydratase
Trans-◇^2-butenoyl-ACP
C2 C3

29
Q

Set of 4 reactions occur when substrate is bound at the…..

A

ACP

30
Q

After these reactions the chain is translocation to…..

A

KS where the acetylCoA had been at the beginning of the reaction).

31
Q

What is the point of tranlocating the chain to KS….

A

To free up ACP-SH to take up and charge another malonyl CoA.

32
Q

How many carbons are added to lengthen the fatty acid chain during each set of reaction?

A

2 carbons

33
Q

How many sets if reaction form palmitate (16Carbons)

A

7

34
Q

List 2 essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleate
Alpha linolenic acid

35
Q

What are the precursors for monounsaturated fatty acids?

A

Palmitate
Stearate

36
Q

Desaturated of fatty acid chains requires oxidative reactions of mixed function oxidase called….

A

Fatty acyl CoA desaturase

37
Q

What makes up chylomicrons?

A

Apolipoproteins, cholesterol, triacyglycerols

38
Q

What covers the surface of the chylomicron?

A

Phosphodiester head groups of the triacylglycerols

39
Q

Which lipoprotein serve as recognition sites for transport and metabolism

A

Lipoprotein B-48, C-II, C-II

40
Q

What makes up 80% of the chylomicron?

A

Fatty acid chains

41
Q

What activates lipoprotein lipase?

A

Apolipoprotein C-II

42
Q

Function of lipoprotein lipase?

A

Converting triacylglycerols to fatty acids and glycerol

43
Q

Function of perilipins?

A

Prevent lipid droplets from untimely lipid mobilization

44
Q

Hormones response for low glucose levels

A

Glucagon and epinephrine

45
Q

What phosphorylates perilipins and what do phosphorylated perilipins interact with?

A
46
Q

Name the active sites of alpha chains?

A

B-enoyl-CoA hydratase
B-hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase

47
Q

Active sites of beta chains?

A

Thiolase

48
Q

How many ATPs are formed per 1 cycle of fatty acid oxidation?

A

4 ATPS
1 FADH2= 1.5 ATP
1 NADH= 2.5 ATP
TOTAL= 4 ATP

WHERE 2 CARBON UNITS ARE REMOVED

49
Q

Coenzyme A is needed to continue B-oxidation. How is more Coenzyme A Freed up?

A

By converting Acetyl CoA to ketone bodies.

Ketone bodies are acidic hence reduce blood pH causing acidosis

BIOCHEMISTRY (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions