Fatty acid synthesis (self-directed)

Question 1

What is fatty acid synthase structure like

Answer 1

Dimer

Question 2

What carrier protein domain does fatty acid synthase have

Answer 2

acyl carrier protein domain

Question 3

When does fatty acid synthesis occur

Answer 3

-carbohydrate and energy are plentiful

Question 4

What is a key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis

Answer 4

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 5

What inhibits the beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 5

Malonyl CoA

Question 6

How does malonyl CoA inhibit beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 6

Inhibits the carnitine shuttle (uptake of fatty acids into mitochondria)

Question 7

What is an active version of Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 7

dephosphorylated

Question 8

how is active form of acetyl CoA carboxylase turned into inactive form

-what is this activated by

Answer 8

Kinase (activated via glucagon and AMP)

Question 9

What is the inactive form of acetyl CoA carboxylase turned into active form

-what is this activated by

Answer 9

Phosphatase

activated via insulin and citrate

Question 10

What does ‘desaturate’ do

Answer 10

Insert double bond

Question 11

Where does the biosynthesis of cholesterol occur

Answer 11

Cytosol of liver cells

Question 12

What is the rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis

Answer 12

HMG CoA reductase

Question 13

What is HMG CoA reductase regulate by

Answer 13

• covalent modification (inhibited by phosphorylation)

- Transcriptionally

Question 14

How is HMG CoA reductase inhibited

Answer 14

• Statins

- phosphorylation

Question 15

What is cholesterol a precursor to

Answer 15

• bile acids
• Steroid hormones
• Vitamin D