Fats

Question 1

What is the difference between fats and oil?

Answer 1

Fat is solid at room temperature and oil is liquid at room temperature.

Question 2

What are the similarities between fats and oil?

Answer 2

They have the same functions.

Question 3

What are the functions of fat?

Answer 3

Provides the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K)
Protects vital organs
Make all body cells. Concentrated source of energy
Keeps body warm
Provides essential fatty acid

Question 4

What are the functions of fat in food?

Answer 4

Improves flavour, texture and smell
Makes food easier to swallow
Takes longer to digest and slows stomach from emptying.

Question 5

What are the sources of fat?

Answer 5

Visible, invisible, animal and plant.

Question 6

Visible Fat:

Answer 6

Can be seen (meat rind/marbling and butter).

Question 7

Invisible fat:

Answer 7

Can’t be seen easily (crisps, biscuits, cakes and emulsions-milk).

Question 8

What are emulsions?

Answer 8

Fat molecules that have been dispersed in water e.g milk.

Question 9

Animal fat:

Answer 9

Butter, ghee, lard, meat, oily fish, hard cheeses, cream, eggs, chocolate and pastries. (Dairy based products).

Question 10

Plant fat:

Answer 10

Vegetable oil, avocados, olives, nuts, seeds and fat spreads.

Question 11

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 11

The process when vegetable oils are hardened to become solids at room temperature. These contain trans fats and are thought to cause heart problems.

Question 12

What is the chemical name for fat?

Answer 12

Triglyceride

Question 13

What is triglyceride made up of?

Answer 13

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule. It can either be saturated or unsaturated.

Question 14

What is the chemical structure of triglyceride?

Answer 14

Saturated fat=single bonds made up of 1 carbon and 3 hydrogen molecules (full).
Unsaturated=some missing hydrogen atoms. Forms a double bond.

Question 15

What are some sources of saturated fat?

Answer 15

Meat and some vegetable oils e.g coconut oil.

Question 16

What are some sources of unsaturated fat?

Answer 16

Nuts, seeds, sunflower/olive oil and oily fish.

Question 17

What health issues can saturated fat cause?

Answer 17

Heart disease, cholesterol, fatty deposits- BAD

Question 18

How is unsaturated fat good for your health?

Answer 18

Lowers cholesterol and reduces risk of heart disease- GOOD

Question 19

Which place has lots of unsaturated fat sources?

Answer 19

The Mediterranean

Question 20

What are the types of unsaturated fats?

Answer 20

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

Question 21

Monounsaturated fats:

Answer 21

1 double bond e.g avocados, cashews and peanuts.

Question 22

Polyunsaturated fats:

Answer 22

2 or more double bonds e.g corn, soya and sunflower oil.

Question 23

What are the essential fatty acids?

Answer 23

Omega 3 and Omega 6.

Question 24

Omega 3:

Answer 24

Oily fish, seeds, leafy/green vegetables.

Question 25

Omega 6:

Answer 25

Vegetables, grains, seeds. Cheap, used in processed foods. Deficiency rare in western diet.

Question 26

What are fatty acids vital for?

Answer 26

Brain, heart and nervous system functioning.

Question 27

Cholesterol:

Answer 27

Fatty substance needed for normal body functions. Essential part of cell membranes and helps with digestion of fats. Made by the body but can be found in fatty foods. Made up of lipoproteins.

Question 28

What are foods high in to raise cholesterol levels?

Answer 28

Saturated fat.

Question 29

What are lipoproteins?

Answer 29

Proteins that carry cholesterol around the body.

Question 30

What are the 2 types of lipoproteins?

Answer 30

High Density Lipoprotein- GOOD | Low Density Lipoprotein- BAD

Question 31

What happens if you have too much LDL?

Answer 31

Build up and heart disease.

Question 32

What do HDL protect the body against?

Answer 32

Heart disease.

Question 33

What is the dietary reference value from FOOD ENERGY in fats?

Answer 33

35%

Question 34

What is the dietary reference value from SATURATED FAT?

Answer 34

11%

Question 35

What is the dietary reference value from ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS?

Answer 35

1-2%

Question 36

Excess:

Answer 36

Too much saturated fat could lead to a raise in LDL | Increases risk of heart disease and obesity.

Question 37

Deficiency:

Answer 37

Unlikely in economically developed countries.