Carbohydrates

Question 1

What does a carbohydrate do?

Answer 1

Provides energy and acts as a protein sparer

Question 2

What are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Sugars- simple, Starches- complex, Dietary Fibre- complex

Question 3

What are sugars divided into?

Answer 3

Single (monosaccharides) and double (disaccharides)

Question 4

Single- monosaccharides- sugars:

Answer 4

Glucose-ripe fruits and veg (simplest sugar)

Fructose-fruits and honey

Question 5

Double- disaccharides- sugars:

Answer 5

Sucrose-sugar and syrup
Lactose-dairy
Maltose-cereals

Question 6

What are free sugars?

Answer 6

Sugars that are added or outside (broken the outside of the cell) the cell structure e.g granulated sugar, syrup, treacle, honey and unsweetened fruit juice.

Question 7

What are fruit sugars?

Answer 7

Natural sugars from fruit and veg.

Question 8

What are hidden sugars?

Answer 8

Sugars that are found in unexpected food - make sure you check labels carefully- e.g corn sugar.

Question 9

What should you look out for on labels?

Answer 9

Dextrose Ose=contains sugar
Fructose Ase=enzymes
Glucose
Maltose
Molasses
Invert sugars

Question 10

What are empty calories?

Answer 10

The name for sugar as sugar contains energy but no other nutrients.

Question 11

What do artificial sweeteners do?

Answer 11

They add sweetness without increasing the energy content.

Question 12

What are starches?

Answer 12

They are complex carbohydrates known as polysaccharides (lots of sugar).

Question 13

Starch:

Answer 13

Main food store in plants
Made of many glucose molecules
Size can vary with each plant

Question 14

Pectin:

Answer 14

Found naturally in some fruits
Forms a gel in water (helps jams set)
Reduces cholesterol in blood

Question 15

Glycogen:

Answer 15

Made from glucose by HUMANS

Small amounts stored in the liver and muscles are an energy reserve

Question 16

What are some good sources of starch?

Answer 16

Root veg e.g potatoes and parsnips

Cereal/cereal products e.g wheat, flour, bread and pasta

Question 17

What percentage of starch should make up energy in our diet?

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

Deficiency:

Answer 18

Unusual to be deficient in carbohydrates
Lack of energy can result in lower blood glucose level
Weight loss
Severe weakness- is fat stores is used up then protein store is used
Constipation/bowel cancer

Question 19

Excess:

Answer 19

If carbohydrate energy is not used it is turned into fat
Obesity- lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Too many cereals could lead to a limited absorption of ion and calcium

Question 20

What is a dietary fibre?

Answer 20

It is a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)

E.g whole grain cereals, fruit and veg, pulses

Question 21

What are the functions of dietary fibre?

Answer 21

Healthy digestive system
Weight control
Prevents bowel diseases-constipation, diverticulitis and bowler cancer
Provides soluble fibre

Question 22

What does soluble fibre do?

Answer 22

Slows digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Helps control blood sugars
E.g oats, nuts, fruit and veg

Question 23

What does insoluble fibre do?

Answer 23

Absorbs water
Swells- bulkier stools
Can’t be broken down by the body
E.g whole grain foods e.g brown rice, fruit and veg peels/skins, nuts and seeds

Question 24

What is the dietary reference value for fibre for adults and children?

Answer 24

Adult=30g

Kids=less due to size