Fat soluble vitamins Flashcards
preformed vitamin A
retinol
three provitamin A carotenoids
alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin
food sources of vitamin A
preformed in animal products and fortified foods, proviamins in fruits and veggies
RBP
retinol binding protein, transports retinol to cells
active form of retinol
retinoic acid, acts on nuclear receptors
uses of vitamin A
retinal for vision, retinoic acid for gene expression of enzymes, reproduction, immunity, bone growth
ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency
bitot’s spot, corneal ulcer, deep corneal ulcer, corneal scarring
signs of vitamin A toxicity
headache, nausea, dizziness, liver damage, teratogenicity, osteoporosis
RDA for Vitamin A is based on….. and the UL for Vitamin A is based on ……
maintaining adequate liver stores, women of childbearing age the risk of teratogenicity
cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
Vitamin D3 and D2
D3
synthesized in response to sunlight and found in supplements
sources of viatmin D
fish, liver, milk, dairy, foritified foods, supplements
functions of vitamin D
maintain normal calcium levels, increase calcium absorption, resorption, cell growth, immune function
symptoms of vitamin D toxicity
confusion, kidney stones, sof tissue calcification, polyuria
natural form of vitamin E
RRR alpha-tocopherol
food sources of vitamin E
grain, fats, oils, sweets, nuts, seeds, fortified foods, fruits and veggies
the reduced form of vitamin E is generated by pathways involving ….
vitamin C and glutathione
deficiency of vitamin E results in…..
peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, myopathy, and retinopathy
UL of vitamin E is based on
risk of bleeding and hemorrhage
two dietary forms of vitamin K
phylloquinone and menaquinone
function of warfarn
to block the conversion of vitamin K epoxide to active vitamin K
RDA and UL of vitamin K
none and none
