fat soluble vitamins

Question 1

retinol (pure vitamin A)- properties

Answer 1

easily absorbed, stored in the  liver
yellow, fat soluble alcohol
insoluble in water
soluble in organic solvents
heat stable but affected by prolonged high temperatures
destroyed by oxygen

Question 2

retinol sources

Answer 2

fish liver oils
milk
seeds
eggs
cheese
offal
butter
margarine
oily fish

Question 3

functions of vitamin a

Answer 3

• needed to make pigment rhodopsin in the retina which helps eyes adapt to dim light
• helps maintain healthy skin and mucous lining
• aids growth and development of children
• acts as a powerful antioxidant that can counteract the damaging effects of free radicals

Question 4

beta carotene (pro vitamin a)

Answer 4

not easily absorbed , converted to retinol in the lining of the intestine

Question 5

properties of beta carotene (pro vitamin a)

Answer 5

yellow, or orange fat soluble oil
insoluble in water
soluble in fat solvents
heat stable
unaffected by oxygen
a powerful antioxidant that has the ability to counteract the damaging effects of free radicals

Question 6

sources of beta carotene

Answer 6

carrots tomatoes peppers leafy green vegetables

sweet potatoes apricots

Question 7

effects of vitamin a deficiency

Answer 7

night blindeness
stunted or delayed growth in children
risk of damage to cells by free radicals increasing risk of stroke, cancer and coronary heart disease
follicular hyperkeratosis-rough dry and inflamed skin

xerophthalmia- can occur on surface of eye due to lack of mucous , causes eyes to dry out and become infected- can eventually lead to blindness

Question 8

cholecalciferol D3

Answer 8

animal form of vitamin d formed when UV light shines on the skin converting 7-dehydrocholesterol in the epidermis to cholecalciferol

Question 9

ergocalciferol D2

Answer 9

plant form of vitamin d created when UV light shines on fungi and yeast converting ergosterol into ergo calciferol

Question 10

properties of vitamin d

Answer 10

most stable of all vitamins
fat soluble
insoluble in water
heat stable- unaffected by cooking or preservation methods
unaffected by acids alkalis and oxygen

Question 11

food and other sources of vitamin d

Answer 11

oily fish
fortified milk
eggs 
butter
margarine
fish liver oils
sunlight

Question 12

functions of vit d

Answer 12

controls absorption of calcium and phosphorus into the blood
regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in bones and teeth helping to maintain density and strength
regulates calcium levels in the blood, if too low it stimulates the production of a calcium binding preotein needed to absorb more calcium

Question 13

effects of vit d deficiency

Answer 13

increased risk of bone diseases such as osteomalacia, rickets and osteoporosis
increaded risk of bone diseases and tooth decay

Question 14

rda of calcium

Answer 14

children, adults etc 10 micrograms

adolescents 15 micrograms

Question 15

rickets

Answer 15

bone disease that affects children causing their bones to become soft and weak
increased risk of fractures and bone deformities

Question 16

osteomalacia

Answer 16

bone disease that affects adults causing their bones to become soft and weak due to low bone mass- increased risk of bone factures and bine pain

Question 17

osteoporosis

Answer 17

bone disease that is common in older people and post menopausal women causing their bones to become brittle and fragile due to a loss in bone mass- increased risk of fractures, stooped posture, bck pain and collapsed vertebra

Question 18

tooth decay

Answer 18

condition where the tooth enamel, bone and cementum weaken increasing risk of dental decay

Question 19

vitamin e scientific name

Answer 19

tocopherol

Question 20

properties of vit e

Answer 20

fat soluble 
incoluble in water
unstable to light and alkalis
antioxidant
stable to acids
heat stable

Question 21

sources of vitamin e

Answer 21

gums
wheat germ
seeds
avocados
eggs 
vegetable oils

Question 22

functions of vitamin e

Answer 22

powerful antioxidant that can counteract the damaging effects of free radicals
protects red and white blood cells from damage
protects the retina in the eyes of newborn babies

Question 23

effects of vitamin e deficiency

Answer 23

risk of damage to cells by free radicals- increasing risk of cancer, stroke and chd
anaemia due to low levels of red blood cells which are needed to transport oxygen
reduced immunity due to low levels of white blood cells which are needed to fight infection
eye disorders in premature babies which can lead to blindness

Question 24

forms of vitamin k

Answer 24

phylloquinone K1- made by plants
menanquinone k2- made by intestinal bacteria
menadione k3- a synthetic form

Question 25

properties of vitamin k

Answer 25

fat soluble
incoluble in water
heat stable
destroyed by light

Question 26

food sources of vit k and other

Answer 26

leaft green vegetables, cereals, liver oils,oily fish and offal
synthesised by intestinal bacteria

Question 27

functions of vitamin k

Answer 27

aids clotting of blood

regulates levels of calcium in the blood

Question 28

effects of vitamin k deficiency

Answer 28

slow blood clotting of ruptured blood vessels leading to haemmorrhaging.
common in newboarn babies as theur diets lack vit k
increased risk of bone fractures and bone diseases