Fat Burning

Question 1

What is an acyl?

Answer 1

An organic radical derived from an organic acid by the removal of the carboxylic hydroxyl group (fatty acid attached to something)

Question 2

18:2w6

Answer 2

Linoleic acid

Question 3

18:3w3

Answer 3

Linolenic acid

Question 4

20:4w6

Answer 4

Arachidonic acid

Question 5

20:5w3

Answer 5

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Question 6

22:6w3

Answer 6

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 7

16:0

Answer 7

Palmitic acid

Question 8

18:0

Answer 8

Stearic acid

Question 9

18:1w9

Answer 9

Oleic acid

Question 10

Triglycerides provide how much energy per gram?

Answer 10

9kcal

Question 11

What state are triglycerides in (oxidized or reduced)?

Answer 11

Reduced (lots of electrons)

Question 12

What is the association between water and triglycerides?

Answer 12

They are anhydrous (no water)

Question 13

What is the state of short chain fatty acids at room temperature?

Answer 13

Liquid

Question 14

What is the state of longer chain fatty acids at room temperature?

Answer 14

Solid

Question 15

Where are the vast majority of TG stored?

Answer 15

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

Question 16

What percentage of TG are stored in skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 16

1-2%

Question 17

What type of muscle fiber stores 2-3 times more fat?

Answer 17

Type I (aerobic)

Question 18

Type I muscle fibers are also abundant in…?

Answer 18

Lipid droplets and mitochondria

Question 19

What are fat storage depots scattered throughout skeletal muscle where lipid droplets may accumulate?

Answer 19

Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG)

Question 20

What is the association between IMTG and exercise?

Answer 20

Increased exercise (specific examples were cycling and weight lifting) = decreased IMTG

Question 21

What type of exercise quickly replenishes IMTG content without additional fat intake and occurs within two hours of exercise?

Answer 21

Resistance

Question 22

What type of exercise is slow at replenishing IMTG content?

Answer 22

Aerobic

Question 23

Eating what type of food and how much can increase IMTG replenishing ability?

Answer 23

A LITTLE fat

Question 24

Normal populations have what kind of IMTG concentration and insulin sensitivity?

Answer 24

Lower IMTG concentration and moderate insulin sensitivity

Question 25

Athletes have what kind of oxidative capacity, IMTG concentration, and insulin sensitivity?

Answer 25

Elevated oxidative capacity, higher concentrations of IMTG, and greater insulin sensitivity

Question 26

Obese individuals have what kind of IMTG concentration and insulin sensitivity?

Answer 26

Higher IMTG concentration and low insulin sensitivity

Question 27

What type of enzyme is the opposite of a lipase?

Answer 27

Acyltransferase

Question 28

What protein breaks down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries?

Answer 28

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 29

What produces lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?

Answer 29

Muscle and fat cells

Question 30

Where is the highest concentration of LPL?

Answer 30

Cardiac muscle

Question 31

What effect does exercise have on LPL?

Answer 31

Increase in skeletal muscle LPL

Question 32

What is the location of LPL?

Answer 32

Circulating in plasma

Question 33

What are LPL levels like in trained individuals?

Answer 33

Basal skeletal muscle LPL is higher

Question 34

What is the range of energy charge for most cells?

Answer 34

0.80-0.95

Question 35

What stimulates lipolysis?

Answer 35

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, ACTH, cortisol

Question 36

What inhibits lipolysis?

Answer 36

Insulin

Question 37

What type of substance controls the regulation of lipases in lipolysis?

Answer 37

Hormones

Question 38

What second messenger is activated by hormones to stimulate lipolysis in fat cells?

Answer 38

Cyclic AMP

Question 39

What does it mean when a fatty acid is “activated”?

Answer 39

Fatty acid is turned into acyl CoA

Question 40

Where is the fatty acid oxidized?

Answer 40

Mitochondria