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Liver presentation > Fat > Flashcards

Fat Flashcards

1
Q

Define triglyceride?

A

1 glycerol molecule esterified 3 fatty acid chains

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2
Q

Name two cells where fat is stored?

A

1) Adipocytes
2) Hepatocytes

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3
Q

What has double bond?

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

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4
Q

What has no double bond?

A

Saturated fatty acid (fully sat, no space)

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5
Q

How do fats exist? (4)

A

1) Triglycerides
2) Cholesterol esters
3) Phospholipids
4) Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

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6
Q

Outline 5 functions of fat?

A

1) Energy reserve
2) Part of cell membranes
3) Inflammatory cascades
4) Hormone metabolism
5) Cholesterol backbone of adrenocorticoids and sex
hormones
Vit D

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7
Q

What esterifies cholesterol in lipoprotein to form cholesterol acyltransferase? (2)

A

1) acyl-CoA
2) lecithin

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8
Q

What organ processes cholesterol?

A

Liver

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9
Q

How much cholesterol is endogenous?
How much cholesterol is dietary?

A

Endogenous- 90%
Dietary- 10%

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10
Q

How is cholesterol excreted?

A

Through bile
Enterophepatic circulation

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11
Q

What carries TG and cholesterol through circulatory system?

A

Lipoprotein

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12
Q

State function cholesterol? (3)

A

1) Maintain fluidity of cell membrane
2) Bile production
3) Hormone production

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13
Q

How is most energy provided?

A

Oxidation lipids, carbs, proteins

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14
Q

What order stores metabolised in?

A

1) Lipids
2) Carbohydrates
3) Proteins

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15
Q

How many calories do lipids yield?

A

9-10 kcal/g

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16
Q

What are bodies energy reserves? (4)

A

1) Blood glucose
2) Glycogen stores
3) Muscle protein
4) Lipid reserve

17
Q

Number calories and time for blood glucose?

A

40kcal- minutes

18
Q

Number calories and time for glycogen stores?

A

600kcal- day

19
Q

Number calories and time for muscle protein?

A

25,000kcal- 7-10 days

20
Q

Number calories and time for lipid reserve?

A

100,000kcal- 30-40 days

21
Q

What organ is main storage for glycogen?

A

Liver

22
Q

What is structure of lipoprotein?

A

Core contains TGs and cholesterol-esters
Surface layer phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins

23
Q

What does protein:lipid ratio determine>

A

LDL/HDL/Chylomicrons

24
Q

Function chylomicrons?

A

Carry lipids from gut to muscle and adipose tissue

25
Q

What occurs to chylomicron remanants?

A

Taken up liver- receptor mediated endocytosis
Recognition ApoE by hepatocyte surface receptors

26
Q

What has the lowest lipid to protein ratio?

A

HDL

27
Q

What is referred to as good cholesterol?

A

HDL

28
Q

What has highest lipid to protein ratio?

A

LDL

29
Q

Function of lipoprotein lipase?

A

Catalyse breakdown triglycerides into FFA (adipose tissue)

30
Q

What enzymes involved breakdown triglyceride to FFA?

A

Sensitive lipase

31
Q

Fat overview

A

Liver presentation (8 decks)

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