Fat Flashcards
Define triglyceride?
1 glycerol molecule esterified 3 fatty acid chains
Name two cells where fat is stored?
1) Adipocytes
2) Hepatocytes
What has double bond?
Unsaturated fatty acid
What has no double bond?
Saturated fatty acid (fully sat, no space)
How do fats exist? (4)
1) Triglycerides
2) Cholesterol esters
3) Phospholipids
4) Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Outline 5 functions of fat?
1) Energy reserve
2) Part of cell membranes
3) Inflammatory cascades
4) Hormone metabolism
5) Cholesterol backbone of adrenocorticoids and sex
hormones
Vit D
What esterifies cholesterol in lipoprotein to form cholesterol acyltransferase? (2)
1) acyl-CoA
2) lecithin
What organ processes cholesterol?
Liver
How much cholesterol is endogenous?
How much cholesterol is dietary?
Endogenous- 90%
Dietary- 10%
How is cholesterol excreted?
Through bile
Enterophepatic circulation
What carries TG and cholesterol through circulatory system?
Lipoprotein
State function cholesterol? (3)
1) Maintain fluidity of cell membrane
2) Bile production
3) Hormone production
How is most energy provided?
Oxidation lipids, carbs, proteins
What order stores metabolised in?
1) Lipids
2) Carbohydrates
3) Proteins
How many calories do lipids yield?
9-10 kcal/g
What are bodies energy reserves? (4)
1) Blood glucose
2) Glycogen stores
3) Muscle protein
4) Lipid reserve
Number calories and time for blood glucose?
40kcal- minutes
Number calories and time for glycogen stores?
600kcal- day
Number calories and time for muscle protein?
25,000kcal- 7-10 days
Number calories and time for lipid reserve?
100,000kcal- 30-40 days
What organ is main storage for glycogen?
Liver
What is structure of lipoprotein?
Core contains TGs and cholesterol-esters
Surface layer phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
What does protein:lipid ratio determine>
LDL/HDL/Chylomicrons
Function chylomicrons?
Carry lipids from gut to muscle and adipose tissue
What occurs to chylomicron remanants?
Taken up liver- receptor mediated endocytosis
Recognition ApoE by hepatocyte surface receptors
What has the lowest lipid to protein ratio?
HDL
What is referred to as good cholesterol?
HDL
What has highest lipid to protein ratio?
LDL
Function of lipoprotein lipase?
Catalyse breakdown triglycerides into FFA (adipose tissue)
What enzymes involved breakdown triglyceride to FFA?
Sensitive lipase
Fat overview
