Amino acids and nitrogen balance

Question 1

What is structure of AA? Draw?

Answer 1

Amino group
Carboxyl group
R-side chain

Question 2

What group is responsible properties of aa?

Answer 2

R chain

Question 3

What are essential aa?
How many?

Answer 3

Body can’t produce, need in diet
9

Question 4

What are non essential aa?
How many?

Answer 4

Body able produce
11

Question 5

How many total amino acids?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

What are two diff types of amino acid?

Answer 6

Glucogenic
Ketogenic

Question 7

What are glucogenic aa?

Answer 7

Carbon backbone used- gluconeogenesis or TCA cycle intermediates

Question 8

What are ketogonic aa?

Answer 8

Carbon backbone produces acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA

Question 9

Name 3 essential aa?

Answer 9

Valine
Leucine
Tryptophan

Question 10

Name 3 non-essential aa?

Answer 10

Alanine
Glutamate
Aspartate

Question 11

What are conditionally essential aa?

Answer 11

Depend consumption other aa

Question 12

What aa are solely ketogenic? (2)

Answer 12

Leucine
Lysine

Question 13

What are aa function?

Answer 13

Protein production
Production non-protein molecules

Question 14

What are amino acids joined by?

Answer 14

Peptide bonds

Question 15

How many amino acids in:
Dipeptide
Polypeptide
Protein

Answer 15

Dipeptide = 2
Polypeptide < 50
Protein > 50

Question 16

Does anabolism occur in fed or fasting state?

Answer 16

Fed

Question 17

Does catabolism occur in fed or fasting state?

Answer 17

Fasting

Question 18

What are sources nitrogen?

Answer 18

Diet- aa from protein

Question 19

Where is nitrogen lost?

Answer 19

Gut and kidneys- urea

Question 20

What state should nitrogen balance be?

Answer 20

Equlibrium

Question 21

In fasting state how is nitrogen accessed? (2)

Answer 21

1) Skeletal muscle
2) Free pool aa in blood

Question 22

What is main contributor of nitrogen in fed state?

Answer 22

Diet

Question 23

How is body protein in turnover?

Answer 23

Degradation- Lysosomal and Ubiquitin-dependent pathways
Protein re-synthesis

Question 24

What should nitrogen balance be?

Answer 24

± 4 g/day
Positive/negative balance depend gain/loss

Question 25

Where are amino acids located? (3)

Answer 25

Blood
Proteins in body
Metabolic precursors

Question 26

How many kg of protein in body?

Answer 26

10 kg

Question 27

Are amino acids stored?

Answer 27

No- always have function

Question 28

How do lose protein?

Answer 28

Renal excretion- 70g
Faecal loss- 10g
Skin/hair/sweat

Question 29

What is recommended intake protein?

Answer 29

0.75g/kg/day
55g- men
45g- women

Question 30

What condition expect positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 30

Pregnancy
Lactation
Bodybuilder and steroids

Question 31

What condition expect negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 31

Protein malnutrition
Spesis
Corticosteroids

Question 32

What do amino acids break down into?

Answer 32

a keto acids- citric acid cycle
Nitrogen- biosynthesis
- excretion

Question 32

What do amino acids break down into?

Answer 32

a keto acids- citric acid cycle
Nitrogen- biosynthesis
- excretion

Question 33

Draw how amino acids broken down?

Answer 33