fascist State Flashcards
Fasciitis control of education
1 Government textbook
Anti-fascist teachers removed
Fascist membership compulsory for teachers
Membership of OND
4 million members
80% priv sector
40% industry workers
Problems with OND
No direct indoctrination
Benefits with no real commitment
Successes in press control
Successful in controlling image of Italian society
Difficult to see alternatives
Journalists in fascist unions, ensured positive image
LW newspapers eg a anti closed
Self-censorship incentives
Failures of press control
Ms newspaper only 100,000 compared to church 600,000
Did allow some other newspapers- not full control
Success of Cult of Il Duce
Most powerful propaganda
Sustained myth of Fascism
Failures of ANti-Semitic policies 1938
People ignored them
Unpopular
Didn’t unite people
Decreased support from conservative elite/ church
Why was suppprt from the king important?
Get support from army/ administations who were loyal to king
How did Mussolini erode the kings power?
1928 FGC reduced kings power to nominate PM
had to give advice on royal succession
1940 deprived king of role as supreme military commander and took full control of military
Relations with conservative elite
-Legal system largely unchanged
-Military independent, run by generals
-Incresed acceptance of dictatorship at expense of full fascist control
Relations with local gov
Podesta appointed but Mussolini to ensure loyalty to political goals
Run by pedesta who were usually conservative elite rather than fascists
Local gov largest out of fascists hands
Relationships with Fascist Grand Council
1928 all gov matters had to be approved by FGC, most important legal body
-reality little influence asM retained power to set out laws
-GC had no consultation of major policies eg entry to war
-Hardly met
Relations with Nationalists
ANI accepted merger, members tended to follow M’s direction so posed no challenge
As M’s policies became more radical late 1930’s, nationalist ideas took greater prominence
Eg Educational policy goal should be to create new generation of loyal fascists
-Aggrissive FP owed to nationalist thought on Italian expansion and imperialism
At beginning why did M want good relations with Church?
Realised anti-clericalism would decrease support in a strongly catholic country
Impact of Lateran pact
One of his most popular policies- finally solved problem with church
Cemented consolidation of Power
Helped gain support from church
But showed limits of his dictatorship—> Power-sharing
