Farming Flashcards
What does the food you eat give to your body?
Energy
Define sources
The places, people or things from where something comes
Name 4 different sources that food comes from
Animals
Plants
Fishing
Factories
When food from plants or animals have been changed in some way, what is that food called?
Processed food
eg cooked carrots or boiled and mashed potatoes
Name 5 different ways in which people get food.
Buy (from a shop of market) Grow (in the garden) Collect (eggs from a hen) Farm (by growing food or keeping animals for food) Fishing
What are Subsistence farmers?
grow their own food and keep just enough animals to feed their families
(not enough to sell to factories, shops or markets)
Describe a typical subsistence farm in South Africa
A small farm.
The farmers are often women and their children help them while the husbands and fathers work in the town or the city.
They do not have tractors or ploughs or a sprinkler system, but do all the work with their hands - using spades, forks, hoes and buckets for water.
There may be a few veggies, a cow or goat for milk and meat, and chickens for eggs and meat.
Subsistence workers have many problems. Can you name some?
Money (to buy seeds and fertiliser, to help sick animals get better)
Locusts that come and eat the crops
Not enough rain for the crops to grow
Name the different groups of food crops that grow in SA, and where they come from (Study the map and questions on pg 57. Revise provinces on pg 41.)
Deciduous fruit (apples, pears, peaches, apricots) Mainly Western Cape, Northern Cape
Sugar cane (Kwa-Zulu Natal),
Wheat (Western Cape, Free State, Eastern Cape),
Maize (Northern Free State)
Rooibos tea (Western Cape)
Citrus fruit (oranges, lemons, naartjies, grapefruit) Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwa-Zulu Natal
Sup-Tropical fruit (pawpaws, babanas, pineapples)
Limpopo, Eastern Cape, Kwa-Zulu Natal
What are Stock farmers ?
Keep animals (like sheep, goats, cows and pigs)
What are Poultry farmers?
Stock farmers who keep chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese
What is a “factory farm”?
A farm where animals are kept under strict conditions so that the farm produces as much food as possible
Unprocessed foods
Food from plants or animals that are not changed in any way
Why do people process foods?
To stop it form going bad (if you do not have a fridge)
to make it tastier (add salt or honey)
to make it safer to eat (braai or cook the meat)
ALSO to make it look better
to make it easier to prepare
to add vitamins and minerals
Where are food processed?
In factories and in our kitchens
How do we process food in our kitchens?
Cooking, freezing, drying, canning, squeezing, mixing, cutting, salting, adding to it
Bread is made from
Flour,
Water,
Salt,
Yeast
Name two different types of farming:
Crop and Stock farming (growing crops and keeping animals)
Crops are?
Vegetables, fruit and wheat
Stock is?
Cattle (beef and dairy), sheep and goats, poultry
Name 3 different ways of farming:
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
Urban Farming (Growing food in towns and cities)
What is commercial farming?
Farmers who produce enough food to sell to factories, shops and markets
What does it mean to “specialise”?
To concentrate on doing one thing.
A farmer who focuses on growing only one type of crop or keeping one type of animal
Why do people grow food in towns and cities?
The farms cannot produce enough food for all the people in the towns and cities
Where do people grow crops in towns and cities?
In backyards, on rooftops, in old car tyres, in used tin cans, in school grounds, hospital grounds and prison grounds
Who tamed sheep and goats and kept them in herds? Why was this important?
Shepherds.
Herds gave milk and meat so there was no need to hunt. This meant that people no longer needed to move around as much so could stay in one place.
What did the shepherds do about vegetables and plants? Why could they do this now?
They planted wheat and crops from seeds of wild grasses. They could this because they now lived in one place.
What are the different types of farming? Describe them.
Subsistence - grow enough food to feed family, do not use modern equipment or fertilizers, family does all the work., grow different types of food needed by family.
Commercial - grow food or cash crops, very large farms which grow enough food to sell to others. Employ lots of people, use modern technology and fertilizers.
Urban farming - similar to subsistence farming but now farm is in cities or towns not rural places.
What is the main differences between subsistence and commercial farms?
Use of modern technology and fertilizers
Type and number of people who work on the farm
Number of people fed by the farms produce
What is the difference between subsistence and urban farming?
Urban is in cities and towns and adds to family food bundles
Subsistence is in rural areas and produces entire family’s food bundle
Where are milk and meat from?
Animals
Where are bread, apple juice and broccoli from?
Plants
Where is sugar grown in South Africa?
Kwa-Zulu Natal and Mpumalanga
Where is citrus fruit grown in South Africa?
KZN, western cape, eastern cape, mpumalanga and north west and Limpopo
Where is rooibos tea grown in South Africa?
Western cape
How did Hunter-gatherers find food?
They moved from place to place to look for food killing wild animals and eating wild plants.
What is stock farming?
Animals are kept for products they can make or be used for.
What are fertilized and unfertilized chicken eggs used for?
Fertilized eggs hatch into chickens.Unfertilized eggs are sold to be eaten.
When is food considered to be unprocessed?
Food from plants or animals that is not changed in any way.
When is food considered to be processed?
When food has changed in some way and then often packaged.
Who usually does the farming on subsistence farms?
Women and children (fathers work in the towns and cities).
What implements do subsistence farmers use to work the land?
Spades, forks, and hoes. They carry water in buckets when it doesn’t rain.
Does a commercial farmer grow many different crops?
No, they specialize in one crop as it is most productive to farm one crop in large quantities.
What is processed food?
Food that has been changed in some way before you eat it (like cooking it, adding salt to it, etc).
Why are foods processed?
To stop it from going bad, To make it tastier to eat, To make it safer to eat, To make it look better, To make it easier to prepare, To add vitamins and minerals.
What does it mean to boil, fry, grill, bake?
Boil: Place food in boiling water
Fry: Place food in frying pan with a bit of oil
Grill: Place in oven with only high heat from above
Bake: Place in an oven at a uniform temperature all around.
How is bread made - from seed to bread?
Fields are plowed
Wheat is sown
Wheat grows
Wheat is cut an harvested
Grain is taken to be cleaned, rolled and sieved into flour
Flour is sold to the bakery
Flour is made into dough (with what ingredients?)
Dough is mixed and placed into bread tins.
Dough is baked
Bread is packed for the shops
Are commercial farms big or small?
Big
Do commercial farms sell what they produce?
Yes
