Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Farm animal skin disease > Flashcards

Farm animal skin disease Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

How are farm animal skin diseases classified? Examples?

A

PRIMARY - parasite (lice, mites), bacterial (erysipelas, dermatophilus), viral (CSF, PMWS/PDNS/PRRS), fungal (ringworm)
SECONDARY - underlying disease (photosensitivity), underlying deficiency (Cu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dx - skin disease

A 
Hx
CS + phases of presentation
Skin scrape (until bleeding)
Microbiology)
Case vs. herd
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External parasites affecting farm animals

A
  • Lice
  • Mites
  • flies
  • midges
  • (ticks - usually local irritation only)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tx - external parasites (cattle, sheep, pigs)

A
  • MLs - ivermectin (injectable, pour-on)
  • Synthetic pyrethroids (SP) - cypermethrin, deltamethrin
  • Organophosphates (OP) - diazinon
  • Amidines - amitrax
  • IGRs - cyromazine (‘Vetrazin’ pour on)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name cattle lice

A
  • Bovicola bovis* (CHEWING, rest are sucking)
  • Linognathus vituli
  • Haematopinus eurysternus
  • Solenopotes capillatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you tell apart chewing and sucking lice

A

CHEWING: narrrow head
SUCKING: broad head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CS - lice

A
  • pruritus (especially B. bovis)
  • hair loss (rubbing, neck, back, shoulders, flank, tail base)
  • anaemia (sucking lice)
  • winter
  • heavy infections only (severe)
  • productivity affected (small liveweight gain change, variation)
  • leather affected (‘light spot and fleck’ decreases value)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epidemiology - lice

A
  • numbers increase in cool months
  • peak in early spring
  • decline with coat shedding, solar radiation, high temps
  • commonest in housed cattle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dx - lice

A
  • visible to naked eye (good light)

- microscope (differentiate type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tx- lice

A

JUSTIFIED?

  • peak # and CS often precede natural decline
  • sucking lice (esp calves or debilitated animals) warrant tx
  • best time to tx is autumn (no lice visible, numbers low)
  • MLs very effective (kill all sucking lice - injection and pour on), reduce B.bovis dramatically (pour on only)
  • SP pour ons too (deltamethrin, cypermethrin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name cattle mites

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei *
  • Chorioptes bovis
  • Demodex bovis
  • Psoroptes ocis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe bovine sarcoptic mange

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei
  • causes ‘head and tail’ mange
  • housed cattle
  • head and neck low # but problem is hypersensitivity
  • any age
  • severe and acute onset possible
  • TRANSMISSION: direct contact, fomites (a few days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dx - sarcoptic mange

A
  • CS *
  • skin scrape (low ~, sample lesion margin)
  • skin biopsy ( because burrowing mite)
  • Differentiate from psoroptic and chorioptic mange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx - sarcoptic mange in cattle

A

MLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Outline psoroptic mange - cattle

A
  • occasional cases
  • imported belgian blues
  • beef > dairy
  • hypersensitivity reaction
  • long legs
  • lesion appears more acute and severe than sarcoptes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CS - chorioptic mange in cattle

A
  • -> ‘tail mange’
  • HLs, udder, perineum, tail (head/neck)
  • housed cattle
  • v common
  • pruritus (not severe)
  • winter
17
Q

CS - demodectic mange - cattle

A
  • common, rarely diagnosed
  • hide damage (greatest problem)
  • NO pruritus
  • LITTLE hair loss
  • occasionally develop into multiple nodules +/- secondary infection (face, neck, shoulders)
  • blotchy lesions
18
Q

Outline warble fly -cattle

A
  • not a strict parasite (can complete LC without cow)
  • notifiable
  • flies lay eggs –> irritation, larval migration –> decreased growth/production, larvae reach skin –> extensive damage
19
Q

Name 2 lice affecting sheep

A
  • Bovicola ovis = Sheep body louse*

- Linognathus ovilus

20
Q

CS - sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis)

A
  • SEVERE fleece derangement
  • rubbing, biting wool
  • more important in merinos and related
  • increased incidence in UK since compulsory dipping stopped/
21
Q

Epidemiology - sheep body louse

A
  • number increase in long-wool
  • decline dramatically at shearing
  • reduced by solar radiation (unless protected by fleece)
22
Q

Dx - sheep body louse

A

Part wool and examine the near skin (lice should be visible)

23
Q

Tx - sheep body louse

A
  • shear

- apply insecticides (pour on OR saturation dip but only once)

24
Q

Describe saturation dips

A
  • for tx of sheep body louse
  • do once (fats in wool allow slow release of chemical)
  • plunge
  • showers and spray races not encouraged in UK anymore and no products available.
25
Q

List sheep mites - 5

A
  • Psoroptes ovis (main mite in sheep)*
  • Sarcoptes scabiei
  • Demodex ovis
  • Psorobia ovis
  • Chorioptes bovis (bovine tail mange)
26
Q

CS - sheep scab /psoroptic mange

A
  • pustules, then spreading moist lesions
  • fleece becomes matted
  • extereme pruritus
  • can become very extensive
  • NOTIFIABLE in Scotland (recent eradication)
  • mites visible with naked eye, just (smaller than lice)
  • severe –> thin sheep + death
27
Q

Epidemiology - sheep scab / psoroptic mange

A
  • mites can multiply very rapidly
  • winter more favorable to mite than summer
  • sometimes infections are latent over summer
28
Q

Tx and control - sheep scab

A
  • plunge dip (OP solution)
  • ML (injection)
  • (pour-on tx NOT effective)
  • (spray races and showers NOT effective as would require dipping for 1 minute, cypermethrin withdrawn in UK)
  • pastures, fences, buildings are a source of reinfection for up to 15 days
29
Q

Describe plunge dips and sheep scab

A
  • WON’T work if tx time too short (1 minute), heads not wet (dipped twice), dip becomes heavily fouled, strength is too low or not replenished properly
  • uses Diazonin (an OP) - nasty so PPE essential
30
Q

List MLs for tx of sheep scab

A
  • Doramectin (IM, once, 300microg/kg)
  • Ivermectin (SC, twice, 7 d apart, 200 microg/kg)
  • Moxidectin (SC, twice, 10d apart, 200 microg/kg for 28 d, lasts 28 d for prevention)
  • THESE DRUGS ARE FOUR TIMES THE PRICE OF PLUNGE DIPS
31
Q

Another name for blowfly strike

A

cutaneous myiasis

32
Q

Outline blowfly strike

A
  • UK important
  • sheep distress
  • slow death
  • much loss of productivity
  • prevention very costly
33
Q

Where does blowfly strike affect?

A

SHEEP. primary flies lay eggs in moist wool, inflamed

  • PREDILECTIONS: breech (faeces), body, wounds, head (base of horns)
  • larvae feed on skin surface –> extensive skin damage
  • toxaemia follows due to skin necrosis and absorption of bacterial toxins
  • secondary/ tertiary flies may invade subsequently
34
Q

Tx - blowfly strike

A
  • clip surrounding hair
  • clean tissue
  • remove visible maggots
  • apply insecticide (Coopers Spot on = deltamethrin)
  • supportive tx sometimes indicated in severe cases (AB)
35
Q

Prevention - blowfly strike

A
  • lamb tail docking to reduce ‘breech strike’

- Cyromazine (Vetrazin) / Cypermethrin

36
Q

Which lice affects pigs?

A

one species only - Haematopinus suis
very large
can transmit ASF and swine pox

37
Q

Tx - Haematopinus suis - pigs

A
  • OPs, twice, 14 d interval

- Also MLs (blood-sucking)

38
Q

What mite affects pigs?

A

Sarcoptes scabei

  • sarcoptic mange is serious
  • chronic - severe hyperkeratinisation
  • ivermectin effective
  • 10-60% prevalence
  • affects piglet growth
  • eradicated in some countries

Dermatology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions