FAR 2I - Equity Flashcards
How does buying treasury stock at greater than book value affect equity and EPS?
Buying treasury stock at greater than book value reduces equity and the number of shares outstanding, which increases EPS due to fewer shares being available.
What are the two methods for accounting for treasury stock?
Cost Method: Treasury stock is carried at cost until reissued or retired.
Par Value Method: Reacquired shares are treated as if retired, and subsequent sales are treated as if the shares were unissued.
Do treasury stock transactions result in a gain or loss?
No, treasury stock transactions do not result in a gain or loss. They affect additional paid-in capital (APIC) and retained earnings, as they are treated as equity transactions.
When is a liability for dividends payable recorded?
A liability for dividends payable is recorded when the board of directors declares the dividend. Prior to declaration, there is no legal obligation to pay.
What are liquidating dividends, and how are they recorded?
Liquidating dividends are a return of capital, not a return on investment. They occur when dividends exceed retained earnings and are debited to other equity accounts.
What factors are commonly considered in a partnership’s income or loss distribution agreement?
Salaries for partners.
Interest on capital balances.
Bonuses to managing partners.
Residual distributed by a fixed ratio.
How are initial partnership capital accounts determined?
Initial partnership capital accounts are based on the net fair value invested by each partner into the partnership.
What happens to a subscriber’s rights when stock is sold on a subscription basis?
The subscriber usually has all the rights and privileges of a stockholder, unless specified otherwise in the subscription contract, even before the full subscription price is paid.
How are quasi-endowments classified in Not-for-Profit (NFP) organizations?
Quasi-endowments in NFPs are classified as net assets without donor restrictions because future governing boards can undo the designation.
What are warrants, and what rights do they give the holder?
Warrants give the holder the right to purchase a set number of shares at a fixed price on or before the expiration date. They provide potential for future equity ownership.
How are partnership capital balances treated during liquidation?
During liquidation, combine the partner’s loans to the partnership with their capital balances. After paying debts and accounting for losses, distribute any remaining cash based on the final capital account balances.
How does the bonus-to-new-partner method work in partnerships?
Under the bonus-to-new-partner method, the new partner’s capital is based on their percentage ownership of the total revalued partnership capital, computed by adding the new partner’s investment.
When issuing additional shares less than 20-25%, what amount is transferred from retained earnings?
When issuing additional shares less than 20-25%, transfer an amount equal to the fair value of the additional shares from retained earnings.
How are warrants recorded?
Warrants are recorded when issued, typically under equity. They provide the holder the option to purchase shares at a fixed price before expiration.
What is the difference between cost method and par value method for treasury stock?
Cost Method: Reacquired shares are carried at cost until sold or retired.
Par Value Method: Reacquired shares are treated as if they were retired immediately.
How are treasury stock sales treated under the par value method?
Under the par value method, the reacquisition and subsequent sale are treated as separate transactions. The sale is accounted for as if the shares were newly issued.
How are liquidating dividends accounted for?
Liquidating dividends are recorded by debiting equity accounts when the dividend amount exceeds retained earnings, as they represent a return of investment rather than income.
What happens if a partnership agreement does not specify profit or loss distribution?
If there is no specific agreement, profits and losses are shared equally among all partners, regardless of their capital contributions.
What are the major factors considered in determining a partnership’s profit-sharing agreement?
Asset investment by partners.
Time (service) investment of partners.
Experience, expertise, and education of partners.
What is the treatment of unpaid dividends before the declaration date?
Before the declaration date, there is no liability for dividends payable, as the company has no legal obligation to distribute them until they are declared by the board.
What rights do subscribers of stock on a subscription basis have?
Subscribers typically have all stockholder rights unless the subscription contract specifies otherwise, even before the full payment for the shares is received.
How are quasi-endowments treated in NFPs?
Quasi-endowments in NFPs are classified as net assets without donor restrictions, as future governing boards can change or revoke the designation.
What is a liquidating dividend, and when does it occur?
A liquidating dividend is a return of capital to investors, and it occurs when the dividend exceeds retained earnings, requiring debits to other equity accounts. No dividend income is booked
How are treasury stock transactions treated in financial reporting?
Treasury stock transactions affect equity accounts like additional paid-in capital (APIC) and retained earnings. They do not result in gains or losses in the income statement.
When must a company accrue for dividends?
A company must accrue for dividends only after they are declared by the board of directors, creating a legal obligation to pay.
What is the role of a sinking fund related to treasury stock?
A sinking fund is not typically involved with treasury stock but is used in bond payments, where funds are set aside to ensure repayment of debt. Treasury stock is an equity transaction.
What are dividends in arrear?
Unpaid dividends on cumulative preferred stock that have accumulated because the company has not paid them on their scheduled payment dates
When to accrue for dividends in arrear?
When actually declared
What is the bonus method in a partnership?
Adjusts partners’ capital balances without recognizing goodwill. Any excess or shortfall in payments to a retiring partner or contributions by a new partner is allocated to the remaining partners based on their profit-sharing ratios
What are dividends in arrears?
Any preferred dividend not paid out, so cumulative preferred stock
Must be disclosed in total and on a per share basis
What are liquidating dividends?
Non-dividend distribution made during a partial or full liquidation. Retained earnings is used up and APIC is debited which is the portion that is not taxable for shareholders
2 Types of partnership admissions are?
1) Bonus method
2) Goodwill method
How does the bonus method in a partnership admission work?
New partner contributes cash and identifiable assets at FV (no intangible recognition).
Total partner contributions are carrying amount of existing net assets + FV of contributed new assets
Any difference between assets contributed and interest granted to new partner is the bonus recognized
How does the goodwill method in a partnership admission work?
Same as Bonus method, but intangible contribution (e.g. expertise) IS recognized
Difference FV of partnership and interest granted is recognized as goodwill (if FV>interest received, excess goodwill goes to old partners and vice versa)
Steps of partnership liquidation?
1) Sell off assets; Recognize any gain/loss in partners’ capital accounts
2) Pay off liabilities
3) Any negative partner’s account is either absorbed by other partners or an additional contribution is made by that partner
4) Final distribution to partners
Accumulated other comprehensive income examples? (BS)
a) Unrealized holding gains/losses on available-for-sale investments
b) Foreign currency translation gains/losses
c) Pension plan gains/losses
d) Pension prior service costs or credits
AOCI represents the sume of unrealized ganis/losses from OCI on the income statement
Components of statement of retained earnings?
a) BB RE
b) + Net income of the year
c) - dividends paid
d) - appropreated RE for e.g. contruction
e) +- Net unrealized gain/loss on AOCI
f) = EB RE
Stock dividend bookings at FV or par value?
a) less than 20-25% record at FV (difference between FV and par is credited as APIC)
b) more than 20-25% record at par value (like a stock split, no APIC used, credit is fully in Common stock dividend distributable at par)
Retained earnings is debited at either FV or par at date of declaration.
Stock dividend booking at a) Date of declaration and b) disctribution?
a) Debit RE (FV or Par), Credit Common Stock Dividend Distributable, Credit APIC for difference (if below 20-25% and FV method is used)
b) Debit Common Stock Dividend Distributable, Credit Common Stock
When is APIC credited when treasury stock is reissued under the cost method?
When reissued at excess of bought back previously. A loss does not touch APIC, but Retained Earnings
When issuing a stock dividend, at what timing is the APIC calculated? Date of declaration or distribution?
Date of declaration, ignore date of distribution
What happens if a company redeems preferred stock above par value and the Additional Paid-In Capital (APIC) from preferred stock is insufficient to absorb the excess over par?
The shortfall is debited to Retained Earnings, reducing the company’s overall equity.
Redeem=Retires=Buys back=repurchases
When issuing a stock dividend, what is key to look at and what are the implications on the journal entries?
Above or below 20-25%.
a) If above, then RE is only lowered by the par value of the issued shares and the credit entry is common stock (no APIC is recorded, no FV is used).
b) if below, RE is debited by FV, common stock Par value credited, and APIC for difference credited
What happens if a company redeems preferred stock below par value?
The difference between the par value and the redemption price is credited to Additional Paid-In Capital (APIC), and Retained Earnings is not affected.
Redeem=Retires=Buys back=repurchases
Are APIC and APIC TS 2 different FSLI?
Yes, so if the cost method of treasury stock is applied and treasury stock transaction resulted in a loss and there is no APIC TS balance available (although there would be APIC on common stock), then RE is debited and not APIC (TS)
How is dividend income from preferred stock treated for an investor?
Dividend income from preferred stock is recognized separately from equity method earnings. It represents a fixed return based on ownership and is recorded as dividend income on the income statement.
How should an investor account for preferred dividends when calculating share of earnings from an investee?
Indicators include representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making, material intercompany transactions, interchange of managerial personnel, and technological dependency
What are indicators of significant influence over an investee?
Indicators include representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making, material intercompany transactions, interchange of managerial personnel, and technological dependency
