Fang - peripheral neuropathy

Question 1

how many diabetics have diabetic neuropathy******

Answer 1

• 60-70% of diabetic patients have MILD to SEVERE forms of NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE
  
  • impaired sensation or pain in the feet or hands
  • slowed digestion of food in stomach
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • other nerve problems

Question 2

Risk factors for diabetic Neruopathy**********

Answer 2

• POOR GLUCOSE CONTROL (A1c Levels)
• DURATION OF DIABETES OVER 25 YEARS
• damage to blood vessels
• mechanical injury to nerves (carpal tunnel syndrome)
• autoimmune factors
• LIFESTYLE FACTORS –> lead to blood vessel damage
  
  • Smoking
  • alcohol abuse

Question 3

general Pathology of Diabetic neuropathy*******

Answer 3

• Axonal loss, Focal demyelination and regeneration
• DECREASE conduction velocity and DECREASE sensory thresholds

Question 4

Classification of Diabetic neuropathy********

Answer 4

• Symmetric polyneuropathy
• autonomic neuropathy
• polyradiculopathy
• mononeuropathy

Question 5

Complications of Polyneuropathy*********

Answer 5

• Ulcers**
• Charcot arthropathy (joint deterioration)
• dislocation and stress fractures
• amputation

Question 6

Symmetric polyneuropathy

Answer 6

• most common form of diabetic neuropathy
• affects distal lower extremities and hands (stocking glove)
• Symptoms/signs
  
  • pain
  • paresthesia/dysesthesia
  • loss of vibratory sensation

Question 7

autonomic neuropathy

Answer 7

• Affects the autonomic nerves controlling internal organs
  
  • peripheral
  • GU/GI
  • CV
• neuropathic arthropathy (charcot foot)
• aching, pulsation, tightness, cramping, dry skin, pruritus, edema, sweating abnormalities
• Weaking of bones in the foot leading to fractures

Question 8

Polyradiculopathy

Answer 8

• lumbar polyradiculopathy
  
  • thigh pain followed by muscle weakness and atrophy
• Thoracic polyradiculopathy
  
  • severe pain on one or both sides of the abdomen, possible in a band-like pattern
• DIBETIC neuropathic cachexia
  
  • polyradiculopathy + peripheral neuropathy
  • associated with weight loss and depression

Question 9

peripheral Mononeuropathy

Answer 9

• single nerve damage due to compression or ischemia
• occurs in wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome), elbow or foot (unilateral foot drop)
• symptoms
  
  • numbness
  • edema
  • pain
  • prickling

Question 10

cranial mononeuropathy

Answer 10

• affects the 12 pairs of nerves that are connected with the brain and control sight, eye movement, hearing and taste
• symptoms
  
  • unilateral pain near affected eye
  • paralysis of the eye muscle
  • double vision