Family- Vivian Flashcards
1
Q
Two or more people who live in the same household (usually), share a common emotional bond, and
perform certain interrelated social tasks”
A
Allender and Spradley (2008)
2
Q
- “A group of people related by blood marriage or adoption living together”
A
U.S. Census Bureau (2009)
3
Q
The family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single
household; interacting and communicating with each other in their respective social roles
A
Burgess and Locke, 1953
4
Q
Family” refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and
economic support. The members of the family are self-defined.
A
Hanson and Rowe (Family Health Care Nursing)
5
Q
health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
A
World Health Organization
6
Q
I s a dynamic changing state of well-being, which includes the biological, psychological, spiritual, sociological and cultural factors of individual members and the whole family system.
A
Family health
7
Q
The first scholar to develop psychosocial criteria for assessing family strengths, emphasized the need to focus on positive family attributes instead of the pathological approach that accentuates family problems and weaknesses.
A
Otto (1963)
8
Q
Introduced the idea of the “energized family” as one whose structure encourages and supports persons to develop their capacities for full functioning and independent action, thus contributing to family health
A
Pratt (1976)
9
Q
Describe the characteristics of family strengths
A
Stinnett, Chesser, and DeFrain (1979)
10
Q
Investigated not only family stressors but also traits of healthy families,incorporating moral and task focus into traditional family functioning
A
Curran(1983,1985)
11
Q
Traits of Healthy Families (Curran)
C-P-A
A
- Communicates and listens
- Pastors table time and conversation
- Affirms and supports each member
12
Q
Traits of Healthy Families (Curran)
T-D-H
A
- Teachers respect for others
- Develops a sense of trust
- Has a sense of play and humor
13
Q
Traits of Healthy Families (Curran)
H-S-E
A
- Has a balance of interaction among members
- Shares leisure-time
- Exhibits a sense of shared responsibility
14
Q
UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A FAMILY
A
Beaver (2000), Gladding (1998) and Srinnet and De Frain (1985))
15
Q
A legitimate source of authority, established and supported over time
A
Family
16
Q
A stable rules system established and consistently acted on
A
Family
17
Q
Stable and consistent sharing of nurturing behavior
A
Family
18
Q
Effective and stable child-rearing and marriage maintenance practices
A
Family
19
Q
two basic family types:
A
Familyof orientation
Family of procreation
20
Q
They are generally viewed as temporary arrangements
- Consists of two people living together, usually a man and a woman, without children
A
The Dyad Family
21
Q
Composed of heterosexual couples and perhaps children who live together but remain unmarried
- Positive aspects:, financial security, encourages a monogamous relationship
- Potential negative aspects: may result in a feeling of loss if only short-term and the breakup is not desired by both partners
A
The Cohabitation Family
22
Q
The traditional nuclear family structure is composed of a husband, wife and children
- An advantage of this is its ability to provide support to family members, because, with its small size
people know each other well and can feel genuine affection for each other.
A
The Nuclear Family
23
Q
marrisge with multiple wives
A
Polygamy
24
Q
marriage with one man and several wives
A
Polygyny
25
one wife with more than one husband
Polyandry
26
Positive aspects: companionship and shared resources
Potential negative aspects: not sanctioned by law, disapproval from some communities, decreased
value for women
d. The Polygamous Family
27
Includes not only the nuclear family but also other family members such as grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandchildren.
- Positive Aspects: Many are involved for child care & member support
- Potential Negative Aspects: Resources may be stretched thin because of few wage earners
e. The Extended (Multigenerational) Family
28
The incidence of single-headed families has increased from 10% of all families in 1960 to almost 51% today. Of these families, 17% have a man as the single parent
The Single-Parent Family
29
Positive Aspects: Ability to offer a unique and strong parent-child bond
Potential Negative Aspects: Limited resources; financial constraints
The Single-Parent Family
30
A remarriage or reconstituted family, a divorced or widowed person with children marries someone who also has children.
The Blended Family
31
Communes are formed by groups of people who choose to live together as an extended family. Their relationship to each other is motivated by social or religious values rather than kinship (Cherlin, 2008).
Communal Family
32
- Positive Aspects: values of commune members may be more oriented toward freedom and free
choice
- Potential Negative Aspects: may have difficulty following traditional health care regimens, preferring
instead to use complementary or alternative therapies (health care may be seen as an established system that they are rejecting).
The Communal Family
33
Homosexual unions, individuals of the same sex live together as partners for companionship, financial security, and sexual fulfillment.
The Gay or Lesbian Family
34
the socially preferred term to describe men who have sex with men. (Boys love)
Gay
35
used to denote women who have sex with women
Lesbian
36
Positive Aspects: Provides advantages of a nuclear family
- Potential Negative Aspects: May suffer discrimination from neighbors who do not approve/accept
this family type
The Gay or Lesbian Family
37
Children whose parents can no longer care for them may be placed in a foster or substitute home by a child protection agency
The Foster Family
38
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Positive Aspects: Prevents children from being raised in large orphanage settings
- Potential Negative Aspects: Insecurity and inability to establish meaningful relationships because of
frequent moves (short term relationships)
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The Foster Family
39
No matter what the family structure, adopting brings several challenges to the adopting parents and the child, as well as to any other children in the famil
The Adoptive Family
40
Methods of Adoption:
1. Agency Adoption:
2. International Adoption
3. Private Adoption
41
is a small community group and as a group, it works best if it can designate certain people to complete tasks;
FAMILY
42
ROLES ASSUMED OF EACH FAMILY MEMBER
1. Wage Earner
2. Financial Manager
3. Problem Solver
4. Decision Maker
5. The Nurturer
6. The Health Manager
7. The environmentalist
8. The culture bearer/gatekeeper
43
identified eight tasks that are essential for a family to perform to survive as a healthy unit:
Duvall and Miller (1990
44
A healthy family provides food, shelter, clothing, and health care for its members.
Physical maintenance
45
This task involves preparing children to live in the community and to
interact with people outside the family.
Socialization of family members
46
Determining which family needs will be met and their order of priority is
allocation of resources. In healthy families, there is justification, consistency, and fairness in the
distribution.
Allocation of resources
47
This task includes establishing family values, establishing rules about expected
family responsibilities and roles, and enforcing common regulations for family members such as using
“time out” for toddlers.
Maintenance of order
48
Healthy families evenly divide the workload among members and are flexible enough
that they can change workloads as needed.
Division of labor
49
recruitment, and release of family members: Often not a great deal of thought is given to
this task; who lives in a family often happens more by changing circumstances than by true choice
Reproduction
50
Healthy families realize that they do not have to operate
| alone but can reach out to other families or their community for help when needed.
Placement of members into the larger society
51
Healthy families are able to maintain a sense of unity and pride in the family. When this is created, a sense of pride helps members defend the family against threats as
Maintenance of motivation and morale
52
FAMILY TASKS
Duvall and Miller
1. Physical maintenance
2. Socialization of family members
3. Allocation of resources
4. Maintenance of order
53
Merging the values that the couple brings into the relationship from their families of orientation During this first stage of family development, members work to:
1. Establish a mutually satisfying relationship
2. Learn to relate well to their families of orientation 3. If applicable, engage in reproductive life planning
STAGE 1: MARRIAGE
54
The birth or adoption of a first baby is usually both an exciting and a stressful event because it requires both economic and social role changes. An important nursing role during this period is health education about well-child care and how to integrate a new member into a family
STAGE 2: THE EARLY CHILDBEARING FAMILY
55
A family with preschool children is a busy family because children at this age demand a great deal of time. Their imagination is at such a peak that safety considerations such as avoiding unintentional injuries (accidents) become a major health concern
STAGE 3: THE FAMILY WITH A PRESCHOOL CHILD
56
Important nursing concerns during this family stage are monitoring children’s health in terms of immunization, dental care, and health care assessments; monitoring child safety related to home or automobile accidents; and encouraging a meaningful school experience that will make learning a lifetime concern
STAGE 4: THE FAMILY WITH A SCHOOL-AGE CHILD
57
Violence—accidents, homicide, and suicide—is the major cause of death in adolescents (NCHS, 2009). As adolescents become sexually active, they risk contracting exually transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and gonorrhea.
STAGE 5: THE FAMILY WITH AN ADOLESCENT
58
- A nurse working with Families at this stage needs to spend time counseling members on safety (driving defensively and not under the influence of alcohol; safer sex practices; proper care and respect for firearms) and the dangers of chemical abuse.
STAGE 5: THE FAMILY WITH AN ADOLESCENT
59
Many young adults return home to live with their family after college until they can afford their own apartment or get married. They are termed a “boomerang” generation. As a general rule, this arrangement works best if there are no young children in the home and if the young adult has a job to supply some income.
STAGE 6: THE LAUNCHING STAGE FAMILY (THE FAMILY WITH A YOUNG ADULT)
60
When a family returns to a two-partner unit,
the partners may view this stage either as the prime time of their lives (an opportunity to travel, economic Independence, and time to spend on hobbies) or as a period of gradual decline
“empty nest” syndrome
STAGE 7: THE FAMILY OF MIDDLE YEARS
61
Although families at this stage are not having children, they remain important in maternal and child health because they can offer a great deal of support and advice to young adults who are just beginning their families.
STAGE 8: THE FAMILY IN RETIREMENT OR OLDER AGE
62
Population movement has an important influence on the quality of family life.
During the 20th century, vast numbers of rural families moved to urban communities, and many urban families moved to the suburbs. Today, families are moving back to inner cities to fill remodeled buildings that once held factories or served as warehouses (gentrification).
INCREASING MOBILITY PATTERNS
63
This pattern of mobility is expected to continue into the future.
INCREASING MOBILITY PATTERNS
64
Knowing some of the basic norms and taboos of different cultural groups is important as it allows you to understand and accept different practices of families.
CHANGING CULTURAL PATTERNS
65
Characteristic responses that are sometimes described as cultural limitations are actually the consequences of poverty
CHANGING CULTURAL PATTERNS
66
A family that must choose between buying groceries and paying for a child’s immunizations will obviously buy groceries; the child’s immunizations must wait until another time.
INCREASING POVERTY
67
Encouraging families to secure more education so they can better increase their earning capability and no longer need government assistance can also be helpful
REDUCING GOVERNMENT AID PROGRAMS
68
The frequency of drug and alcohol abuse and severe psychiatric problems is greater among homeless families.
- Many mothers of homeless families were physically abused as children and have been battered by an intimate partner (Joly, 2007).
INCREASING NUMBERS OF HOMELESS FAMILIES
69
Such families may not use health care providers or community agencies as effectively as other families because of their inexperience with bureaucracies or lack of transportation and money.
. INCREASING NUMBERS OF HOMELESS FAMILIES
70
Because parents are so emotionally entangled and their perceptions of their roles are changing so drastically, they may be unable to give their children the support they need during a divorce.
INCREASING DIVORCE RATE
71
This can leave marked long-term, negative effects on children or make the loss of a parent through divorce little different from the loss of a parent through death
- Severing ties with grandparents or other relatives can also be difficult
INCREASING DIVORCE RATE
72
Although small families mean fewer child care requirements for parents, this also limits the parents’ experience in child rearing, so the amount of childrearing counseling time per parent may increase.
DECREASING FAMILY SIZE
73
As children have fewer older role models, they may need more counseling in behaviors such as how
to manage stress or survive a failure at school.
DECREASING FAMILY SIZE
74
The implication of this trend for healthcare providers is that health care facilities need to schedule appointments at times when parents are free to come
INCREASING DUAL-PARENT EMPLOYMENT
75
Family life today is loaded with technological innovations such as television, computers, cellular phones, and iPods.
a world that brings encyclopedias of knowledge to their fingertips but also can bring the danger of predators.
INCREASING TECHNOLOGY
76
An alarming statistic in today’s families is that the incidence and reports of domestic abuse (both child and intimate)
- Detecting abuse begins with the awareness that it does occur. Both intimate partner and child abuse are discussed in
INCREASING ABUSE IN FAMILIES
77
Most parents take and should be encouraged to take an active role in monitoring their children's and their own health and participating in planning and goal setting
INCREASING FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH MONITORING
78
Changes in healthcare such as short hospital stay and an increased focus on health promotion and maintenance add to the increased responsibility for families to be knowledgeable healthcare consumer
INCREASING FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH MONITORING
79
The level of exercise of families today is greatly reduced
- Children are often bused or given rides to school; they spend their time after school playing computer games instead of playing games
- Fast food became a quick fix in the business of the family
- Counseling families about their exercise program and nutrition should be on the agenda of well child
INCREASING OBESITY, REDUCED EXERCISE, AND FAST FOODS
80
a diagram that details family structure, provides information about the family’s history and the roles of various family members over time, usually through several generations.
Genogram
81
It can provide a basis for discussion and analysis of family interaction
Genogram
82
It is a screening tool of the family environment
- is administered to each family member, and their scores are then compared
- The tool is easy to use and can complement a family history.
The Family APGAR (Smilkstein, 1978)
83
diagram of family and community relationships
Ecomap
