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family patterns Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reasons for the decline in divorce rates

A
  • seccularisation
  • law changes
  • womens position and freedom
  • changing expectations
  • increased domestic violence
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2
Q

1923 matrimonial causes act

A

equalised grounds between sexes

enables either partner to petition for divorce on the basis of their spouses adultery

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3
Q

1969 divorce law reform act

A

widened grounds for divorce

‘irretrievable breakdown made sole ground for divorce

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4
Q

2020 divorce and dissolution act

A

widened the grounds

no blame is needed cant contests divorce and only takes 6 months

makes divorce less acrimonious or traumatic for adults and kids involved

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5
Q

evaluation of law changes

A
  • only tell us why people are more able to get a divorce not why they get one
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6
Q

Mitchell and groody on religion and divorce

A

an important change since 1960s has been a rapid decline in stigma around divorce

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7
Q

how much has church attendance fallen by

A

12%-5%

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8
Q

secularisation and divorce

A

causes fewer people to have the religious obligation to marry. for children etc.

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9
Q

fletchers view (functionalist) on high rates of divorce

A

higher expectations people place on marriage today are major cause for the increasing divorce rate. higher expectancy make couples less willing to tolerate unhappy marriages

past- marriage was for a females economic stability
now- marriage based on romantic love

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10
Q

criticism of fletchers view

A

feminists would argue this view is too rosy. there is still female oppression in marriages

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11
Q

what percent of women are in paid work in 2019

A

72% 2019

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12
Q

giddens choice marriages

A

giddens argues that marriage has become more focused on choice an equality due to
female independence
and the changing role of sex (more about intimacy than children due to contraception)

giddens calls these ‘pure relationships’ where they only last as longas both partners needs are met

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13
Q

(feminist) hochschild’s view on divorce

A

an increasing number of working women means they have less time and energy for ‘emotion work’ . if a relationship is string her work and home life women are more likely to leave

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14
Q

how do the new right view high divorce rates

A

lone-parent families lead to welfare dependency which could lead to the perverse incentive

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15
Q

how do feminists view high divorce rates

A

women are no longer oppressed by marriage and patriarchal oppression it brings

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16
Q

how do interactionalists view high divorce rates

A

ignores the reasons people have divorces for the better of the family

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17
Q

how does the PLP see high divorce rates

A

can cause financial problems but the family. can adapt and it has been normalised for a modern society

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18
Q

what are the alternatives to marriage?

A
  • cohabitation
  • same-sex
  • LATs
  • lone-parent families
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19
Q

how many unmarried adults are cohabiting?

A

1/4

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20
Q

why are more people cohabiting instead of marrying

A
  • decline in stigma
  • young people more accepting of cohabitation
  • secularisation
  • marriage no longer needed for financial stability
  • womens free place in society
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21
Q

what does bejin argue about cohabitation

A

cohabitations amongst young represent a conscious attempt to create a more personally negotiated and equal relationship

22
Q

why are more people living alone?

A
  • marrying later due to focus on career before marriage

- divorced dads, custody usually goes to mother

23
Q

how many people live alone

A

around 7.7 million (29% of all households)

24
Q

issues with LATs

A
  • cost of 2 houses
  • trust issues
  • parenting one-sided

DUNCAN AND PHILIPS

25
Q

reasons for LATs

A
  • PURE RELATIONSHIPS beck and giddens more people persuing their own careers
  • exisiting prirorities
  • roseneil found that 31% said it was too early to cohabit
  • fear of trauma from divorce
26
Q

what did Roseneil et al find out about LATs

A

surveyed 573 LATs
31% said it was too early to co-habit
31% saw it as a desirable lifestyle to avoid emotional abuse

27
Q

how many families had one parent in 2019

A

21%

28
Q

why is the 21% of families had a lone parent in 2019 statistic misleading?

A

could be misleading 21% in 2023 will no longer be lone parents

ONLY A SNAPSHOT OF THE SITUATION AT ONE TIME

29
Q

Allan and corn pointed to two factors as to why there are more lone-parent families. what are they?

A
  • increase in martial breakdown and divorce.

- rise in births in unmarried mothers

30
Q

who sociologist said benefits create perverse inscentive?

A

charles murray

a criticism of this is that cutting welfare will only force these families into further poverty creating greater problems

31
Q

chamberlain on the extended family

A
  • study of Caribbean families found that despite geographical distance families continues to support described at ‘multiple nuclear families’
32
Q

criticsm of hoschcilds view on dirvoce

A

cooke
no evidence that working women are more likley to divorce. they argue the dual burden has become an accepted nrom for married women

33
Q

why are more people having cicil cercives rather than religious marriages

A

seccularisation
decline in stigma
5% church attednance

34
Q

in 2016 what % of population said sex before marriage was okay?

A

65% would haver rapidly increased since then

35
Q

how many same sex marriage happen each year

A

7,000

36
Q

why has there been an increase in same sex marriages

A
  • loss of stigma due to seccularisation

- law changes

37
Q

what two law changes have made sam sex marriage easier?

A

2002 allowed same sex co-habited to have equal right to adoption
2004 equal right to inheritance
2015 same ex marriag elegalised

38
Q

duncan and philips on LATS

A

1 in 10 are LAT in a signficant relationship

39
Q

pure relationships leading to LATS

A

pure relationships are ones that meet the needs of inidivuals so people may LATin order to persure tir own goals and decline the risk of breakdown due to existing responsibilies sucha s children

40
Q

criticism of beck and giddens pure relationships as to why there are more LATS

A

duncan and philips argue that LAts arent always the perfect outcome there are points of conflict that come with it such as 2 household bills and loss of trust

41
Q

morgan on the reasons for the increase of lone paretn families

A
  • men and women: woemn less likely to feel opressed by men and be single not having to worry about dulal burden and tripple shift
  • decline in stigma: morgan argues that terms such as illigitmate children have decrease wiht a rise of long parents family probably due to seccularisation
42
Q

what % of lone parent families are headed by women

A

90%

43
Q

how are black family structure different and why

A

black families are more likely to be lone parents headed by mothers
due to the diorgansiation caused by the high unemployment rates of balck men leading t ofiancl issues causing marital breakdown

44
Q

crticisms of black families being more likley to have 1 parent due to disorgansiation

A

mirza argues that it is not that black families are more disorganised but the fact that black women place a lot of importance on independence and therfore are mor likely to leave a unhappy marriage

45
Q

asian family patterns

A
  • tend to have larger 3 gerenations housefolds due to the fact that asain women have a lower age profile and the value that sian culture places upon family
  • ballard argues that the asian extended family emerged for support reasons in the 50s and 60s for new immigrants from asia
46
Q

argument that the extended family has dissapraed

A

charles found that in hsi study of swansea he identified that the classic three generation households in extint with the execption of bangaldeshi families

parsons argues that functial fit is the reason for this

47
Q

argument against the extended family dissapearing

A

wilmott argues that rather than dissapreating its role has changed relatioves can be geographically seperated by still provide the emtioanl role

48
Q

beanpole family

A

bell found the importance of a long and thin beanpole family strustc where people are no longer connected to extended family but mroe to grandparents due tp smaller familiy sizes and longer life exepctancy

49
Q

argument against beanpole family

A

finch asn mason say that people are still hevilt connected to extend family and foudn that 90% of fmiyl have givne or recived financal help from extend family members

50
Q

what % of all children are bron outsdie of marriage

A

1/2 50%

51
Q

what % of families are reconsituted step familes?

A

10%

Sociology family (7 decks)

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