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Step 2 > Family Medicine: Case Files > Flashcards

Family Medicine: Case Files Flashcards

1
Q

Generally, when should colon cancer screening begin?

A

Age 50

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2
Q

When does the USPSTF recommend screening for lipid disorders?

A

Level A recommendation

  1. Men > 35 y/o
  2. Women > 45 y/o

Level B recommendation

  1. Adults > 20 y/o who are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases
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3
Q

When is screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm recommended?

A

Men > 65-75 y/o with a smoking history.

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4
Q

When is the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine recommended?

A
  1. A single dose is recommended for all adults aged > 65 y/o
  2. It is also recommended in individuals < 65 y/o who have chronic cardiovascular dz, pulmonary dz, renal dz, hepatic dz, diabetes, immunodeficiency, or asplenia.
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5
Q

Classify this case of COPD and what is the treatment:

  1. FEV1/FVC < 0.7
  2. FEV1 > 80% predicted
  3. With or without symptoms
A
  1. Mild (Stage I) COPD
  2. Treat with short-acting bronchodilators
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6
Q

Classify this case of COPD and what is the treatment:

  1. FEV1/FVC < 0.7
  2. FEV1 50-80% predicted
  3. With or without symptoms
A
  1. Moderate (Stage II) COPD
  2. Treat with long-acting bronchodilators
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7
Q

Classify this case of COPD and what is the treatment:

  1. FEV1/FVC < 0.7
  2. FEV1 30-50% predicted
  3. With or without symptoms
A
  1. Severe (Stage III) COPD
  2. Treat with Inhaled steroids
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8
Q

Classify this case of COPD and what is the treatment:

  1. FEV1/FVC < 0.7
  2. FEV1 < 30% predicted or FEV1 < 50% predicted with chronic hypoxemia
A
  1. Very severe (Stage IV) COPD
  2. Oxygen therapy
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9
Q

What period in a woman’s pregnancy is the most optimal for a trisomy screen?

A

16-18 weeks

It may be performed between weeks 15 and 20 if necessary

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10
Q

What is the daily dose of folic acid recommended to pregnant women?

A

400 ug

1mg of folic acid is recommended for women with diabetes or epilepsy.. 4 mg is recommended for a woman with a previous child with a neural tube defect.

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11
Q

By what age do most babies begin to say “mama” or “dada”?

A

6-9 months

It usually becomes specific between ages 8-12 months

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12
Q

At what point in a child’s development is a rear-facing car seat no longer necessary?

A

When the child is at least 1 yr old and > 20 lbs

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13
Q

What is the leading cause of death in infants < 1 y/o?

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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14
Q

What is the leading cause of death in children > 1 y/o?

A

Accidents and injuries

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15
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Laughs and squeals

A

4 mo

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16
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

1-3 words, follows 1-step commands

A

12 mo

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17
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Babbles

A

6 mo

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18
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Says “mama/dada” and/or “bye-bye”

A

9 mo

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19
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Eyes follow object to midline
  2. Head up when prone
A

2 mo

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20
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Walks and throws objects

A

12 mo

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21
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Eyes follow object past midline
  2. Can roll over
A

4 mo

22
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Pincer grasp
  2. Crawls
  3. Cruises (walks while holding furniture)
A

9 mo

Pincer grasp at 10 mo

23
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Sits while unsupported
  2. Transfers objects from one hand to the other
  3. Rolls prone to supine
A

6 mo

24
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Stranger and separation anxiety

A

12 mo

25
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Recognizes strangers

A

6 mo

26
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Starts to explore

A

9 mo

27
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Walks up and down stairs
  2. Copies a line
  3. Runs
  4. Kicks a ball
A

2 yrs

28
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Identifies body parts
  2. Copies a cross
  3. Copies a square
  4. Hops on one foot
  5. Throws overhand
A

4 yrs

Copies a square at 4.5 yrs

29
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Copies a circle
  2. Pedals a tricycle
  3. Can build a bridge of 3 cubes
  4. Repeats 3 numbers
A

3 yrs

30
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Speaks in sentences
  2. 3/4 of speech is understood by strangers
  3. Recognizes 3 colors
A

3 yrs

31
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. 2-3 word phrases
  2. 1/2 of speech is understood by strangers
  3. Refers to self by name
  4. Pronouns
A

2 yrs

32
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Speech is completely understood by strangers
  2. Uses past tense to speak of things that happened before
  3. Tells a story
A

4 yrs

33
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Group play
  2. Plays simple games
  3. Knows gender
  4. Knows first and last name
A

3 yrs

34
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Plays with kids, social interaction

A

4 yrs

35
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Parallel play

A

2 yrs

36
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Copies a triangle
  2. Catches a ball
  3. Partially dresses self
A

5 yrs

37
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

Identifies left and right

A

6 yrs

38
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Draws a person with 6 parts
  2. Ties shoes
  3. Skips with alternating feet
A

6 yrs

39
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone typically take place:

  1. Writes name
  2. Counts 10 objects
A

5 yrs

40
Q

What is the preferred treatment for severe persistent (continual) Asthma?

A
  1. High-dose inhaled steroid, long-acting beta-agonist, and consider omalizumab in patients with allergies.
  2. If needed, add an oral steroid
41
Q

What is the preferred treatment for moderate persistent (daily and > 1 night/wk) Asthma?

A

Low dose inhaled steroid + long-acting beta-agonist or a medium-dose inhaled steroid by itself

Alternatively low dose inhaled steroid + Leukotriene modifier or theophylline or Zileuton

42
Q

What is the preferred treatment for mild persistent (> 2 d/wk but not daily & 3-4 nights/mo) Asthma?

A

Low-dose inhaled steroid

Alternatively cromolyn, nedocromil, leukotriene modifier, or theophylline

43
Q

What two non-nicotine replacement drugs are FDA approved for treating tobacco addiction?

A
  1. Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
  2. Varenicline (Chantix)
44
Q

What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency anemia?

A

Pernicious anemia (lack of intrinsic factor)

45
Q

What is the most common cause of folate deficiency?

A

Alcohol abuse

46
Q

Which subtype of melanoma is commonly found on the palms of hands, soles of feet and under the finger/toe nails and is the most common subtype in African Americans and Asians?

A

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

47
Q

What is the treatment of choice for hyperthyroid patients who are not pregnant?

A

Radioactive iodine

48
Q

What is the most serious potential side effect of antithyroid drugs such as Propylthiouracil and Methimazole?

A

Agranulocytosis

49
Q

What is the treatment for thyroid storm?

A
  1. High doses of Propylthiouracil (PTU)
  2. Beta-blockers - Given to control Tachycardia etc.
  3. Hydrocortisone - Given to prevent adrenal crisis
50
Q

In older patients, hypothyroidism can be confused with what disorder?

A

Alzheimer Disease

51
Q

What is the indication for biopsy of a thyroid nodule?

A

Nonfunctioning nodules measuring >1cm require biopsy by fine needle aspiration

52
Q

Which thyroid malignancy cannot be differentiated from its benign equivalent by fine needle aspiration (FNA)?

A

Follicular cell malignancy cannot be differentiate by FNA.

Papillary, Medullary, and Anaplastic can be differentiated by FNA

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