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Year 3 > Family Med > Flashcards

Family Med Flashcards

1
Q

tachycardia, no p waves, narrow QRS

A

SVT

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2
Q

SVT management

A

vagal
doesn’t work –> adenosine
doesn’t work –> verapamil
prevention: amiodorone

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3
Q

tan colored stools

A

pancreatitis

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4
Q

diff btwn meningococcal vaccines

A

both are quadrivalent
conjugate is newer, for age 2-55
polysaccharide is for all ages

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5
Q

diff btwn pneumococcal vaccines

A 
13 = conjugate for immunocompromised pts
23 = polysaccharide = non-immunocomp chronic dz + healthy 65+
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6
Q

shots for asplenia

A

pneumococcal: PCV13 (unless already have, then 23)
menigococcal: conj if 2 - 55, polysac for older
Hib

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7
Q

first line for absence seizures (and how to choose)

A 
ethosuximide (not w/ pancytopenia)
valproic acid (not if they may get pregnant)
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8
Q

breast: dilated ducts filled with secretions and fibrotic debris

A

duct ectasia

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9
Q

when to give newborns vit D

A

few days after birth
all breastfed babies
formula babies drinking

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10
Q

when to give vit K to newborns

A

@ birth (IM)

newborns w/ bleeding in fist weeks of life

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11
Q

when to give vit B12 to newborns

A

veg moms who breastfeed

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12
Q

when to give Fe to babies

A

babies exclusively breastfed past 4 - 6 months

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13
Q

pre-diabetes HbA1c

A

5.7% - 6.4%

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14
Q

MC complication of nephrotic syndrome

A

venous thrombosis

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15
Q

smoking cessation in alcoholics

A

nicotine patches (not buproprion which lowers seizure threshold)

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16
Q

bone pain, anemia, hypercalcemia

A

multiple myeloma

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17
Q

infant: progressive food intolerance, bilious, non-bloody, non-projectile vomiting

A

malrotation

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18
Q

tx for exercise induced bronchoconstriction

A

beta-2 ag 10-15 min before exercise

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19
Q

tx for actinic keratosis

A

cryosurgery

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20
Q

abx for animal bite

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate (for gram neg + anaerobes)

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21
Q

cause of urinary obstruction in male infants

A

posterior urethral valves

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22
Q

how to dx post urethral valces

A

voiding cystourethrogram

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23
Q

risk w/ TG > 1000

A

pancreatitis

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24
Q

morton’s neuroma sx

A

pain btwn toes

Mulder’s sign

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25
Q

mulder’s sign

A

palpable, painful click (seen w/ morton’s neuroma)

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26
Q

positive McMurry sign

A

medial meniscus tear

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27
Q

when does Fe def anemia need blood transfusions?

A

Hb

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28
Q

definition of chronic bronchitis

A

3+ months of chronic cough/dyspnea in 2 years

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29
Q

when do you screen w/ CT for smokers

A

55 - 80 yo
30 pack year
smoke or quit w/in 15 yrs

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30
Q

colorectal cancer screening options

A 
colonoscopy (10)
sigmoidoscopy (5)
fecal occult (1)
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31
Q

Tx: tetanus risk event, unknown vacc status

A

tetanus toxoid + tetanus Ig

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32
Q

MCC benign breast neo in women

A

fibroadenoma

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33
Q

intoeing w/ forward facing patella (no foot deformities) =

A

internal tibial torsion

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34
Q

C shaped lateral foot border w/ prominent 5th met styloid process

A

metatarsus adductus (pigeon toe)

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35
Q

intoeing MCCs

A

internal tibial torsion

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36
Q

tx for moderate to severe asthma exacerbation

A

oral corticosteroids

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37
Q

tx for mild asthma exacerbation that doesn’t respond well to inhaled beta-2-ag

A

oral corticosteroids

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38
Q

1st line: GAS pharyngitis

A

penicillin V (10 days)
(or amoxicillin alone if need)
if can’t oral –> penicillin G (1 IM)

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39
Q

biggest stroke risk

A

HTN

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40
Q

tx for preg hypothyroid

A

up levo immediately and repeat TSH in 5 weeks (check every TM)

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41
Q

4 Ds of epiglottitis

A

drooling
distress (resp)
dysphagia
dysphonia

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42
Q

thumb sign

A

epiglottitis

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43
Q

tx for alcoholic ketoacidosis

A

thiamine

glucose/fluid

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44
Q

kid w/ bilat irregular myoclonic jerks of UEs

A

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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45
Q

Tx: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

valproic acid

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46
Q

austin-flint murmur

A

aortic regurge

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47
Q

widened PP, visible head pulsations

A

aortic regurge

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48
Q

type 2 DM 1st line Tx

A

metformin
sulfonylureas (if can’t use metformin)
meglitinides (w/ renal disease or increased risk of hypoglycemia)

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49
Q

MC cardiac abnormality w/ Friedrich ataxia

A

hypertrophic obstructive CM

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50
Q

temporal arteritis tx

A

corticosteroids

IV methylprednisolone if they have visual disturbances, oral prednisone if not

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51
Q

esophagus problems w/ DM

A

autonomic neuropathy

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52
Q

whats elevated in pagets?

A

alk phos

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53
Q

thyroid nodule workup

A
  1. TSH levels
  2. euthyroid –> U/S FNA bx
  3. malignant –> surgery
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54
Q

dx diff btwn hemo/pneumothorax

A

hemo has dullness to percussion (not tracheal dev)

pneumo has hyperresonance (tracheal dev away)

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55
Q

test for PAOD

A

ankle brachial index (ABI)

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56
Q

meds for asystole

A

epinephrine

vasopressin

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57
Q

asthma w/ brown mucus plugs

A

suspect allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

58
Q

older pt w/ rapidly growing thyroid mass

A

anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

59
Q

parasite w/ B12 def

A

diphyllobothrium latum

60
Q

when is Hb A1C inaccurate?

A

chronic kidney disease

high if on dialysis, low if uremic

61
Q

mastitis workup

A

U/S to direct fine needle aspiration

62
Q

mild vs severe preeclampsia

A

mild = 140/90 - 300 mg

63
Q

flesh colored/erythematous plaques in circle

A

granuloma annulare

64
Q

asthma sx that don’t respond to tx w/ flattened inspiratory loop

A

vocal cord dysfunction

65
Q

when do you give kids fluoride?

A

6 mo

66
Q

FLT: vaginal candidiasis

A

topical azole (like clotrimazole)

67
Q

MC neonatal rash (+eosinophilia)

A

erythema toxicum neonatorum (healthy infant)

68
Q

osteomyelitis etiology

A

kids: hematogenous
adults: soft tissue spread

69
Q

MCC isolated, persistent proteinuria in children

A

orthostatic proteinuria

70
Q

dx test for orthostatic proteinuria

A

first morning urine protein-to-creatinine ratio

71
Q

CA risk in PCOS

A

endometrial cancer

72
Q

thyrotoxicosis and pelvic mass

A

struma ovarii

73
Q

caustic inhalation exposure –>

A

reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS)

74
Q

cell responsible in RADS

A

neutrophils

75
Q

dx test for absence seizures in kids

A

hyperventilation

76
Q

HIV vaccinations

A

flu, tetanus, pertussis

pneumococcal, hep B

77
Q

T scores for osteopenia/porosis

A

penia: -1.5 –> -2.5
porosis:

78
Q

for fasting lipid levels:

A

no food for 12 hrs

no alcohol for 24 hrs

79
Q

bilat breast lumps and pain

A

fibrocystic breast dz

80
Q

knee pain; tibial tuberocity tenderness

A

Osgood-Schlatter dz

tibial tuberocity avulsion (if acute)

81
Q

MCC jaundice w/in 24 hrs of brith

A

ABO/Rh incompatibility

use direct Coomb’s test

82
Q

test for OA of thumb

A

thumbs up –> rotate and push down

83
Q

time diff: seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis

A

seborrheic: 1st month
atopic: 3 mo +

84
Q

vaccines w/ egg

A

flu(***), MMR, yellow fever

85
Q

vessel perforated w/ duodenal ulcers

A

gastroduodenal artery

86
Q

vessel perforated w/ gastric ulcers

A

L gastric artery

87
Q

diff btwn gastric/duodenal ulcers

A

gastric: worse w/ eating
dup: better w/ eating

88
Q

tx for primary dysmenorrhea

A
  1. nsaids

2. OCPs

89
Q

hematuria post athletics

A

IgA nephropathy

90
Q

workup for early closure of fontanelles (

A

monitor head circumference

x ray
then CT

91
Q

levels in anemia of chronic dz

A

normo - micro cytic (long)
serum Fe = low
TIBC = normal - low
ferretin = high

92
Q

dx test for DM retinopathy

A

fluorescein angiography

93
Q

Loeys-Dietz syndrome

A

marfan + atrophic scars, translucent skin

94
Q

gradual scrotal pain that improves w/ elevation, cremasteric reflex in tact

A

epididymitis

95
Q

MCC direct hyperbilirubinemia in newborns

A

biliary atresia

96
Q

eclampsia prophylaxis

A

IV magnesium sulfate

97
Q

tx for febrile seizures

A

acetaminophen

98
Q

phases of thyroiditis

A

thyrotoxicosis
euthyroid
hypothyroid
recovery

99
Q

testicular mass disappears while supine

A

varicocele

100
Q

tx of aphthous ulcers

A

triamcinolone (topical CS)

nsaids

101
Q

crescent shaped lucency @ femoral head

A

avascular necrosis

102
Q

tests for dementia (for reversible causes)

A 
TSH/T3/4 (hypothyroid)
BMP (Cr/BUN)
LFTs (cirrhosis) 
RPR (neurosyph)
B12
depression
CT (NPH, bleed)
MRI (stroke)
103
Q

recurrent itchy vesicular eruptions on fingers/palms/soles

A

dyshidrotic eczema

104
Q

low-pitched vibratory systolic ejection murmur (loudest @ LL sternal border or supine)

A

still’s murmur

MC benign childhood murmur

105
Q

young male w/ progressive low back pain and sacroiliitis

A

ankylosing spondylitis

106
Q

flat pink/salmon blanching skin path btwn eyebrows or nape of neck

A

nevus simplex (stork bite, angel kiss)

107
Q

port wine stain name

A

nevus flammeus

108
Q

signet ring sign on chest CT

A

bronchiectasis

109
Q

corneal abrasion txs

A

no contacts: polymyxin B/trimethoprim

contacts: quinolone/aminoglycoside

110
Q

reactive non stress test definition

A

2 accelerations within 20 min (20 bpm increase for 30 s)

w/ or w/o fetal mvmt

111
Q

rapidly growing, shiny red, nontender nodule that bleeds easily

A

pyogenic granuloma

112
Q

FLT premature ejaculation

A

SSRIs

113
Q

FLT insomnia

A

CBT

114
Q

other tests w/ insomnia

A

TSH
UDS
CBC
sleep study

115
Q

bite cells

A

G6PD def

116
Q

acute sinusitis > 10 days w/o worsening

A

viral (rhino)

117
Q

biggest RF for periductal mastitis

A

smoking

118
Q

smoking caused renal cancer

A

transitional cell

119
Q

limping obese kid w/ hip/groin pain, limited internal rotation

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

120
Q

bronchoalveolar lavage shows lipid-laden macrophages (foamy)

A 
lipoid pneumonia (kind of aspiration pneumonia)
MC from misuse of petroleum jelly/mineral oil
121
Q

how to reverse warfarin

A

vit K and FFP

122
Q

test for cholelithiasis

A

RUQ U/S

123
Q

fever, uterine tenderness, fetal tachy, premature rupture of membranes

A

chorioamnionitis

124
Q

delayed femoral pulses

A

coarctation of the aorta

125
Q

post abortion - fever, boggy uterus, foul smelling d/c

A

septic abortion

126
Q

bilat proximal muscle aches, morning stiffness w/o joint pain, elevated ESR/CRP/IL6, normal CK

A

polymyalgia rheumatica (a/e temporal arteritis)

127
Q

prolactinoma tx

A

bromocriptine

128
Q

check for iron def anemia

A

serum ferritin (wtf)

129
Q

drugs that up fetal HR

A

beta agonists (terbutaline)

130
Q

hypopigmented patches (Ask-leaf), mental retardation, epilepsy

A

tuberous sclerosis

131
Q

tumors a/w tuberous sclerosis

A

glioma, hamartoma, angiofibroma

132
Q

triple therapy for h. pylori

A

PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin
or
bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, tetracycline

133
Q

management of bloody diarrhea in kids

A

stool culture before abx

134
Q

tx for ALS

A

riluzole (glutamate inhibitor)

135
Q

which bx for skin

A

raised, non pigmented, non-melanoma = shave
pigmented and > 4 mm = excisional
non-pigmented, flat or pigmented

136
Q

joint pain relief in CHF pts

A

not NSAIDs (–> Na/H2O retention)
acetaminophen
tramadol
opioids

137
Q

clots in hematuria

A

extraglomerular bleeding –> do a renal/bladder U/S

138
Q

baby w/ cyanosis during feeding and NG tube can’t go past nasal passage

A

choanal atresia (CHARGE syndrome)

139
Q

first step management of vulvar/vaginal lesion

A

punch bx

check for squamous cell carcinoma

140
Q

resp distress, worse w/ beta agonist

A

V/Q mismatch

Year 3 (5 decks)

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