family & households - demography

Question 1

birth rate

Answer 1

number of live births per 1000 of the population per year

Question 2

general fertility rate

Answer 2

number of live births per 1000 women for childbearing age - (15-44)
e.g. nuclear family may have GFR of 2.5

Question 3

infant mortality rate

Answer 3

number of deaths of babies in their first year of life per 1000 of the population per year

Question 4

death rate

Answer 4

number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year

Question 5

life expectancy

Answer 5

how long the average person is expected to live for calculated based on birth year
- impacted by factors like location, gender, ethnicity, class

Question 6

dependant population
dependency ratio

Answer 6

the non working population e.g. elderly (pensioners) , children (under 18s), disabled (benefits)
the proportion of the working population who support the non working by paying taxes

Question 7

population projection

Answer 7

predictions of future changes in population size + composition based on past and present trends

Question 8

birth rate trends

Answer 8

decreasing
- rise in feminism = women can now prioritize careers over families - Sharpe
- women can control fertility = access to contraception so women can now choose whether they want kids
-the cost of having children
- decline in mortality rate = no longer a need to have more children as they are surviving
EV: women are still having children just later
-doesn’t take into consideration adoption and children already in foster systems

Question 9

death rate trend

Answer 9

decreasing
- better healthcare to prevent preventable diseases - Tranter
- better diets = healthier nutrition - Mckeown ~ better nutrition accounts up to half reduction in death rates + better nutrition increased resistance to infections
EV: Tranter ~ 1950s diseases of affluence main cause of death e.g. heart disease, cancers replacing infectious diseases as main cause of death

Question 10

old age

Answer 10

increasing
- better welfare support systems + lower taxes = better support
- having a negative impact on dependency ratio
EV: now the ‘new old’ is able to keep working
- Hirsch ~ half of state welfare budget spent on elderly without welfare reforms with this cost set to increase

Question 11

migration trend

Answer 11

increasing ~ grown overall but starting to decline post brexit
- Brexit discouraged European migrants
- changing family patterns as a result
- Chambers ~ growth of global family networks as a result globalisation - people work over and send money back home to family (modified extended family)