Family Diversity

Question 1

nuclear family

Answer 1

consists of a sexually co-habiting couple with one or more children of their own

Question 2

what did Edmund Leach refer to the nuclear family as and why (1960s)

Answer 2

‘cereal packet image’

due to it’s prominence in the media and advertising at the time

Question 3

Laws which show that attitudes to the family have changed over time

Answer 3

1986 - Section 28 - banned teaching of homosexuality in schools

2013 - same sex marriage allowed

2022 - divorce, dissolution and separation act

Question 4

how has the media shown changing attitudes towards the family

Answer 4

more BAME

challenges gender roles

more diverse family types

light-hearted attitudes to challenge stigmas

Question 5

stigma

Answer 5

social disapproval

Question 6

examples of stigmas in society

Answer 6

DV - ‘victim playing’

abortion

promiscuity - women

Question 7

how many children live in nuclear families

Answer 7

65%

Question 8

how many families are lone parent

Answer 8

2.9 million

Question 9

what is the divorce rate

Answer 9

the number of people per 1000 of the population who are divorced

Question 10

divorce rate in 1951

Answer 10

2.6

Question 11

divorce rate in 2000

Answer 11

12.7

Question 12

how many marriages were there in 2012 and how does this compare to the 1970s

Answer 12

175000 first marriages in 2012

less than half of that in the 1970s

Question 13

rates of remarriage in 1961 and 2012

Answer 13

1961 - 14%

2012 - 1/3

Question 14

what percentages of marriages were religious ceremonies in 2012

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

cohabitation definition

Answer 15

living together as a couple in a sexual relationship without being married

Question 16

what did the 2011 census show about cohabitation

Answer 16

it had rose by almost 30% from 2001

Question 17

what percentage of couples were cohabiting in 2022

Answer 17

20%

Question 18

how many civil partnerships between 2005 and 2015 in the UK

Answer 18

61500

Question 19

how many same sex marriages between March 2014 and October 2015

Answer 19

15000

Question 20

are marriage rates currently declining or increasing in the UK

Answer 20

declining

Question 21

secularisation

Answer 21

decline in the influence of the church

Question 22

how has secularisation decreased marriage rates

Answer 22

people do not need permission from the church to divorce, don’t need to marry before having children or sex etc.

Question 23

how did the sexual revolution in the 1960’s reduce stigmas

Answer 23

it challenged traditional codes of behaviour related to sexuality and interpersonal relationships

it increased the acceptance of sex outside of marriage

Question 24

why might women be dissatisfied with marriage - feminism

Answer 24

Triple shift - Duncombe and Marsden

marriage is patriarchal

women have higher expectations of marriage -fletcher

Question 25

Fletcher

Answer 25

marriage is increasingly seen as not a contract but as a means of personal fulfilment and happiness

Question 26

Mitchell and Goody

Answer 26

since the 1960’s there’s been a rapid decline in the stigma attached to divorce and marriage - due to the sexual revolution

Question 27

Giddens and Beck - postmodernists

Answer 27

traditional norms and expectations such as the duty to stay with your partner have no hold over individuals any longer

people are more ‘individualistic’ and seeking ‘pure relationships’

this reflects the social change to the pursuit of personal happiness

Question 28

what is divorce seen as instead of shameful

Answer 28

misfortunate

Question 29

how many people are non-religious in the UK

Question 30

53%

Question 31

Patricia Morgan - cohabitation

Answer 31

part of the decline in marriage

due to trend towards serial monogamy

Question 32

when was same sex marriage first possible in the UK

Answer 32

2015