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Anthro Socio Anthropology > Family > Flashcards

Family Flashcards

1
Q

Thinkers Origin Theories of family?

A

Fredrick Engles
Kathleen Gough
Morgan
Westernmarck

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2
Q

Fredrick Engles Origin Theories
book?
what?
How family started?

A

Origin of family, pvt property and state.
Traced it’s origin as of private property

Private property started when: Men started agri-> due to pregnancy women worked less -> men got surplus food and started to control women-> family

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3
Q

Kathleen Gough

Origin theory of family

A

Rather explaining origin, she asked to look into the evidences of family, found in nature, and showed 3 evidences:

1) social and physical like of non-human primates: old & new monkey
2) Tools and home site of prehistoric human/proto-human.
3) Family lives from current hunting and gathering society.

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4
Q

Morgan theories of origin
Book
Concept?
stages?

A

Ancient Society, 1877
Earlier, no concept of family except mother-sib and with time society passed from stages,so did family.

Consanguinity
Punaluan
Syndyasmian
Patriarchal Family
Monogamian
(C-PSP-M)
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5
Q

Westernmarck theory of origin

A

Due to male possessiveness and jealousy

the concept of property arose

Started family to protect property

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6
Q

Definition of family by
Murdock
R. H. Lowie

A

Murdock= Social group: Characterised by: Comon residence, economic cooperation, reproduction
It includes: both sex, atleast 2 of them having socially approved sexual relation.
Murdock fam need srcurity guard(SG- Social Group)

Lowie= Group based on: Material relation, Rights and duties of parenthood, common habitation and reciprocal relationship b/w parents and children.

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7
Q

Universality of family
Agree thinkers?
Example denying it?

A

Murdock called it (Concrete independently builds family))
1. “Nuclear family is concrete unit existing independently”
2. “Basic building block of more complex extended or polygamous family”
Then gave 4 function of Family (which is same as marriage)

Ira Reiss

Kahleen Gough

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8
Q

Ira Reiss and universality

Article name?
2 things she mentioned while defining family

Example?

A

Article: “universality of family”
Nurturant and Socialization is present in all family.
Definition of family: Family is a institution of small kinship structure group with the key function of nuturing and socializing function of new born.
(ISKe group= Institution of Small Kinship structure Group)

Melford Spiro: Kibbutz= parents comes to meet their children
Nairs: Father stays on delivery and pays for it. and comes on special occasions hence nurturing and socialisation.

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9
Q 
Kathleen Gough 
and universality of family
Her thoughts on it.
Definition.
Certain universals found in all families.
A

Said: Family is universal and unique institution and not found in totality in prehuman species

Support universality from her definition of family:

a) Family is a married couple or group of adult kinfolk
b) which cooperates economically and upbringing of children
c) and most or all share common dwellings.

Universal in family:
Incest taboo
Division of labor based on gender
Marriage exist as socially recognizable doable
Men in general having higher status and authority over women of their family.

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10
Q

Types of family

and explain

A 
According to: 
Structure: 1. Nuclear
2.Composite- sub-divided in:
a. Extended family (Larger one, Linear and horizontal) =further in 3 Patri, matri, Bilneal 
b. Joint family (JaiL= Jont-Linear)

Blood:

  1. Conjugal family (by blood)
  2. Consanguine family (Related to each other- cross or parallel cousin)

Marriage: Monogamous
Polygamous

Residence:
1. Patri, Matri, Avunco, Bi, Neo local

Succession: Patri, MAtri, Bi-lineal

Authority: Patri, Matri-archal and Egalitarian

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11
Q

Difference between Family and Household

By?

A

Anthropologist has loosely defined the term “household”

Difference b/w both lies in the recognition that both are:
Logically Distinct
Empirically Different(E has e)
By: Barbara Bender

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12
Q

Logically Distinct
Empirically Different
By?
Explain

A

Barbara Bender

Log: Family is related by kinship
whereas household is related by propinquity(common residence)

Emp: Often Family don’t form household and household don’t compose families.

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13
Q

Kinship (family) and common residence (household)
(Bracket one from logically different one)
Quote By?
Supported whom?

A

Paul Bohanan
they don’t belong to same discourse of universe.
Supported Barbara Bender

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14
Q

Karlekar definition on Household.

A

Defined Household as “Operational unit” which functions broadly within the parameters of family and kinship ideology includes rules of marriage, residence, property ownership, etc and function is defined by age.

(koko [karlekarand operation] in house functins within ideology and rules)

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15
Q

Blumer on domestic group and household

V. Imp

A

Raise question about word “household” adequacy

He comments that arrangements such as co-residence, sharing of meals, and gardening, involves overlapping sets of participants and he questions how useful the notion of a “household” is to describe such a situation.

His suggested definition of a DG is one “acknowledging common authority in domestic matters”

(Blumer on lap of different set of women and he dominates in domestic matters.)

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16
Q

Domestic group

Definition

A

Refers to resource owning group and is routed in environmental, biological, physical, political and economic substratum

17
Q

Features of Domestic group

A
  1. Production activities based on division
  2. Contribute in labor
  3. Pull together resources
18
Q

DG and meyer fortis definition

function?

A

DG is:

  1. House-holding and housekeeping unit
  2. organised to provide material and cultural resources needed
  3. to maintain and bring up its member.
  4. food production and consumption
  5. social reproduction
19
Q

domains DG

by?

A

Treated it as system of social relation through which family is integrated with environment and structure of total society.

Meyer Fortis

20
Q

stages of DG

By?

A

3 stages of GD by Meyer Fortis:

  1. Stage of Expansion:
  2. Phase of Disruption
  3. Phase of replacement
21
Q

stage of expansion

phase of dispersion

phase of replacement

A
  1. starts with marriage
    further expanded by 1st child birth
    continues till last child birth
  2. Starts with 1st child marriage and ends with last child marriage
  3. Starts with ageing of parents and ends with their death.
22
Q

Difference in DG and Nuclear Family

A

NF: referred to husband + wife + children
DG: Many or single NF

NF: Filial or Colateral relations are not included
DG: Filial (Aged parents or married children) or colateral ones

NF: Always include people with kinship links and usually take part in production activity
DG: Might include people w/o kinship links and they may take part in production unit(servants) or not(tenants)

23
Q 
DG 
and Household(HH)
A

DG is wider than HH

DG May or may not be sharing residence (gardener, ,PG)
HH: sharing residence

DG: Consumption and production
HH: Not interested

24
Q

Topic: Change in family

Features of Traditional Families

A
  1. Lived in areas which were self-sufficient economically.
  2. Power & control on property was vested in male (Patriarchal)
  3. There were joint family in early system
  4. Father was the main figure
25
Q

Changes due to urbanization

Family

A

Family: Criminal & civil code- Legal court than Panchayats

Rationalism: Institution & traditions are no more blindly accepted, rather they are acceptable by reason.

26
Q

Changes due to urbanization

(8) Structural

A

Structural change:
1. Courtship and marriage are more of individual and less of Family affairs.

  1. Education: Early Primary and Secondary was given by family.
  2. Profession: one member may differ from other, no synchronicity in life-style
  3. Excess Individuality: Concept of familialism is missing(unity and co-operation)
  4. Limited size: Decrease in median size of family from 5 to 4.
  5. Increase in age of marriage
  6. Joint family dec, nuclear family inc. &
  7. production demand shifted from fam to industry hence family turned to nuclear as it moves near industry.

child will get= Educ=> Job => Live alone => Marriage Late=> Love marriage => Nuclear family => Less children => Production is less.

27
Q

Quote on change in family institution

A

Ogburn:
The family as a social institution is changing as other institutions. The changes differ somewhat in countries according to their degrees of industrialization, of their urbanization, and their isolation.

28
Q

Changes due to industrialization

Family

A

Family control:Since Family is no more resource owning/generating group rather turned into consumption unit. hence, Undermined as no co-operation of father is needed, son pays bride price of its own. Since job performance is relevant therefore, Father control diminishes.

Inc in Nuclear and Neolocal family.

29
Q

Changes due to industrialization

Structural

A

Job-Satisfaction: Low level job- Lower job satisfaction
High level job- Job satisfaction but high demand of result

Socialization: Both parent earning, Pre-school, less time to spend with parents and grand parents role diminishing

Economic Cooperation: Increase as both are earning now.
Now, Extended outside family as production unit are shifted outside house.

30
Q

Talcott Parson
called
Family as

A
  1. Pro-creation factories
  2. Structurally Isolated nuclear family: due to industrialisation and urbanisation. In small societies, family is integrated part of larger kinship, lacking in modern society.
  3. Lack of naturally & emotionally binding obligation
  4. Strengthen husband and wife conjugal relationship.
31
Q

David cooper

and Change in modern family

A

a) Parents release their stress and anger on children

b) Since, Children acts as scapegoat i.e. why family is enact.

32
Q

Edmund Leach
and modern family
Book?

A

Since modern industrial family is isolated from kinship,
so called it as, overloaded electric circuit with high load/demand, so fuse will blow
Parent-children living together; parents fight, children rebel.

Runaway World

33
Q

Feminism:
Definition

3 types of feminism and names

A

Advocating for women equal right.

3 feminism=
Liberal: Jennifer Somerville

Marxist: Fran Anslay Argues, Alexandra Kollontai

Radical:Betty Friedman

34
Q

Liberal Feminism
Type of franchise?
Solution?
Famous name and her ideology?

A

believe inequality is due to:

  1. Men refuse to pull their legs in relationship.
  2. Main stream working culture requires long and inflexible working hour based on idea as men is the main bread winner.

They sought for political enfranchise

Educate for gender equality
Equal access to education
Equal pay
Ending gender inequality

Jennifer Somerville:

  1. Present Women aren’t fully sympathetic towards feminism.
  2. Yet feel grievances against male-domination
  3. Liberals are concerned with rights and opportunity of women.
35
Q

Marxist view

Thinker?

A

Discrimination is due to class/capitalism and argues that women’s oppression perform several function for capitalism as explained by
Ansley Argues=

I) Women reproduce the labour force – through 1 their unpaid domestic labour,
2. socialising the next generation of workers and
3. servicing the current workers
II) Women’s male partners are inevitably frustrated by the exploitation they experience at work and women are the victims of this, including domestic violence who should be directing that anger towards the Capitalism.
III) Women are a‘reserve army of cheap labour’

36
Q

Radical Feminism

3 Pillars

Quotes

Thinker. and her 5 points

A

Society should be free of men and oppression can’t be removed by outer social changes such as abolition of class society.

Its against 3 Pillars: Capitalism, Patriarchy and Religion

“The Gender role and social role is Family constructed”= kitchen set to women.

Betty Friedman:

  1. Women bear triple shift: Outside workforce; domestic shift; emotional shift
  2. Advocated Family break-up
  3. Against Political participation
  4. Matrifocal Household
  5. Promote homosexuality

Anthro Socio Anthropology (5 decks)

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