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family Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Segregated conjugal roles

A

tasks in the house are separated into male/female roles. don’t spend alot of time together and have different interests and friends

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2
Q

Joint conjugal roles (intergraded)

A

tasks in house are shared and no rigid male/female roles. couple spends a lot of leisure time together and have same friends and interests

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3
Q

Changing patters of marriage

A
  • annual number decreased
  • premarital sex is more socially acceptable
  • increase in cohabitation
  • births outside marriage are no longer stigmatised
  • people marry later because of increase in education and employment
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4
Q

Changing patters of divorce

A
  • number of divorces risen since 1945
  • more socially acceptable
  • women in unhappy marriages are less tied to husbands because of financial independence
  • medias emphasis on romantic love sets high expectation and if not met more divorce
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5
Q

Monogamy

A

being married to one person

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6
Q

Bigamy

A

marrying when already married

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7
Q

Serial monogamy

A

marrying, divorcing, remarrying ect…

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8
Q

Polygamy

A

having more than one spouse

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9
Q

Polyandry

A

woman with multiple husbands

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10
Q

Polygyny

A

man with multiple wives

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11
Q

Nuclear family

A

mother, father, and their dependant child(s). 2 gen family live together in same household. parents married or cohabiting

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12
Q

Classic extended family

A

3 gen live together or nearby

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13
Q

Modified extended family

A

members live apart geographically but have regular contact and support

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14
Q

Extended family

A

family beyond the immediate family of parents and children

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15
Q

Beanpole family

A

family with multiple gen of older people and few children in any one gen

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16
Q

Reconstituted family (blended/step)

A

one or both parents have children form previous relationships who live together, at least one is step parent

17
Q

Cohabitation and reason for increase

A

-people living together who aren’t married and are in a romantic relationship
REASON FOR INCREASE
-changing attitudes, less social stigma
-secularisation
women changing priorities(career over marriage)

18
Q

Lone parent families and reasons for increase

A

-one adult with dependant children (90% female headed)
REASON FOR INCREASE
-increase in divorce, women financially independent and able to support financially
-secularisation
-less social stigma and changing attitudes

19
Q

What are symmetrical families?

A
  • opposite but similar, tasks are different but make similar contributions are made to the house
  • decisions are shared eg. financial
  • family members are more home centred, spend more leisure time together
  • Young and Wilmott argue that they are typical in Britain
20
Q

Why move to symmetry?

A
  • rise of feminism influenced women to reject housewife roles
  • legal changes gave women more equality and status at work (equal pay and sex discrimination acts)
  • birth control enables women to combine motherhood and work
  • tech developments make opportunities for more home based activities like tv and comp games
21
Q

Criticisms of Young and Wilmott

A

Feminists reject idea of symmetry. Oakley found women in paid work still had main responsibility for housework
-attitudes to gender roles may have changed, behaviour hasn’t much. many women work a double shift and the new man is hard to find

22
Q

Functionalist approach to family (Murdock)

A
  • sexual- nuc. family regulates sexual behaviour and activity, helps to maintain the relationship
  • reproductive- nuc. family produces next gen of societies members
  • educational- new members need to know societies culture (socialisation in nuc)
  • economic- needs a way of providing financial support. Econ coop is based on division of labour between husband and wife
23
Q

Extended family (2) golbal

A
  • global family
  • Islamic family- extended family is really important
  • Asian family - often skill extended with grandparents treated with higher level of respect
23
Q

Feminists view of extended family

A
  • says its bad
  • carries on patriarchal idea of man in charge
  • teaches girls that domestic labour is their role
  • increases workload on women and looking after other children and for longer
24
Q

Functional fit (parsons)

A
  • function of family changes to meet needs of society
  • pre industrialisation: cottage industries
  • family creates a product and all they need - unit of production
  • extended family is important, more people work, older gen pass on skills
  • industrial revolution
  • cottage industries stop, geographical mobile work force is needed
  • older gen not mobile, EF stops being important
25
Q

Feminist approach to family

A
  • family contribute to gender differences in society through primary socialisation like girls wear pink and boys wear blue
  • feminist are critical of role of family in society and the negative impact it has on women
  • canalisation (the way parents channel kids interest are seen as gender appropriate) through gender socialisation family keeps gender inequalities going
26
Q

Delphy and Leonard on families and marriage

A
  • radical feminists who argue that family is patriarchal
  • family is based on hierarchy with husband on top, he provides for the wife and gets to control her labour. even when women are well paid or in full time employment, they do most domestic labour and childcare
  • this maintains patriarchy in society
  • men benefit from the unpaid work of women in their family
26
Q

Criticisms of feminist approaches

A
  • Marxists link inequalities in families to capitalism instead of patriarchy
  • functionalists see family meeting needs of individuals in society
  • D and L don’t consider egalitarian families that share power between members
27
Q

Postal questionnaires: advantages

A
  • quick and cheap way to get info from a large sample spread over large area
  • researcher not present so respondents aren’t pressured to give socially acceptable answers
28
Q

Postal questionnaires: disadvantages

A
  • questions may be misunderstood or skipped
  • may not be complete by person who sent it
  • unsuitable for some people eg. illiterate or homeless
  • respondents rate is low and those who do answer may not be representative of the population being studied
29
Q

Unstructured interviews: advantages

A
  • follow up questions can be asked and more in depth explanations
  • answers can be developed and new points may be introduced
  • can investigate sensitive topics if built a stronger rapport
  • rich and valid data can be collected by seeing how interviewees understand their own experiences
30
Q

Unstructured interviews: disadvantages

A
  • time consuming and expensive for the amount of data
  • hard to keep convo going and for person to open up
  • biases may make it inaccurate
  • sample is usually small and unrepresentative
  • near impossible to replicate and hard to check reliability of findings causing inaccuracy
31
Q

Parsons account of nuclear family

A
  • primary socialisation-children learn culture of their society and to accept its shared values and role(through socialisation) helps to maintain stability of society
  • stabilisation of adult personalities-husband and wife support each other emotionally through stress and pressure (warm bath theory) - family is safe haven and plays key role in maintaining emotional stability of adults. living with children means adults can act out childish elements of their own personalities (keeps stability)
32
Q

Criticisms of parsons, Murdock and functionalist perspective

A
  • outdated, unrealistic, sexist (functionalist account)
  • parsons ignores social class, religion and ethnic diversity, ignores alternatives to nuclear family. gives idealised view and ignores dysfunctional family
  • Marxists see that a function is to socialise children to accept capitalism
  • feminists see it as major source of female oppression (imprisoned in their own home, tied with childcare and housework)
33
Q

Consequences of divorce for individuals in society

A
  • increase in one person households, reconstituted families and lone parent
  • reconstituted families may cause problems as for some people to adjust however, more people can provide support and attention
  • conflict between former spouses for property and parenting
  • kids may loose contact with one of parents
  • men may experience loss of emotional support, and friends if social network change
  • lead to loss of income and lone parent families may experience financial hardhip

sociology (4 decks)

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