Families Test 3

Question 1

What is the age of Majority?

Answer 1

18

Question 2

Who was Erik Erikson?

Answer 2

• Erik Erikson believes we are pushed through various stages in life by our social and biological clocks. Our developmental tasks in adolescence are to form an identity and acquire independence.
  -According to Erikson, the maturation of our identity emerges through life as we pass through specific age tasks

Question 3

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson 1980)

Answer 3

-Adolescents are like little scientists performing social and personal experiments on a daily basis
-As adolescents, we attempt to define who we are
-We experiment with different faces
-We toy with different roles in an attempt to see which role fits with our inner being of who we are

Question 4

Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 4

-The 6th stage
-Theory of psychosocial development
-Between ages 18-40
-As we progress through the stages of adulthood, we encounter dilemmas
-The major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people

Question 5

Generativity vs Stagnation

Answer 5

-The 7th stage
-The challenge of this stage is how one’s behaviors contribute to society
-Having children, a job, volunteering, etc assist in feeling like a contributor to society
-Who are you? Who do you want to be? Who do you want to be with? Questions that are to be dealt with in adulthood?
-Adults strive to create or nurture things, often through parenting, contributing to the community, or some other positive change

Question 6

Jane Loevinger

Answer 6

-Identified ten stages in the formation of the ego
-Jane Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development examines the conformist stage of adolescence.
-In her theory, young adults are at a transitional self-aware level between the conformist stage and the conscientious stage
-Self-aware level
Begin to understand and accept individual differences and to distinguish the variations in feelings and opinions that make us unique
-Conformist stage
Tend to view life in stereotypical ways and as black and white, in an attempt to classify human experience so that they can see where they belong in society
-Conscientious stage
They are able to appreciate others as individuals in reciprocal relationships

Question 7

Autonomous Self (Jane Loevinger)

Answer 7

a complex concept that includes being a self-reliant person who accepts oneself and others as multifaceted and unique

Question 8

Who was Klaus Riegel?

Answer 8

-Klaus Riegel examines development through changes in one dimension requiring an adjustment in another dimension. Therefore, he focuses on external dimensions. (which are individual/psychological dimensions) He proposed that internal and external changes must occur for adults to develop.
-Suggests development in adulthood occurs not in predictable stages but as individuals adjust in response to the interaction of both internal and external changes

Question 9

4 interrelated internal and external dimensions of development (Klaus Riegel)

Answer 9

-The individual psychological dimension - describes emotional maturity and independence
-The individual biological dimension - physical and sexual maturity
-The cultural-sociological dimension - describes the expectations and opportunities that each society defines
-The environmental dimension - describes the physical, economic, and political environment in which the individual lives

Question 10

Leonard Pearlin

Answer 10

-Attempts to rationalize how development can be unique to each individual yet appear to occur in a common pattern
-Four elements determine the path an individual will take:
Individual characteristics (gender, race, intelligence, education)
Range of skills individuals have for coping with stress or change
Availability of support networks
Nature and timing of stress that requires a response
-Meaning race, gender, intelligence, family, and education all play a role in how one deals with developmental tasks,

Question 11

Daniel Levinson

Answer 11

-Proposed that the era of early adulthood lasts 25 years
-During the period from the age of 22-28 the individual is entering the adult world
-He believes the “meshing of oneself in the world” is part of life structure.
-Four major tasks of this period:

Forming a Dream and giving it a place in the life structure
Forming mentor relationships
Forming an occupation
Forming love relationships, marriage, and family

Question 12

Education Inflation

Answer 12

-The idea that youth today require more education to qualify for a job that required less education in the past
-We are staying in school longer and getting higher levels of education for a job that does not require such credentials
-Because so many people are receiving post-secondary education, there is a competition to secure jobs from a shrinking job pool
-Given the large middle class and upper middle class we have in our society, youth can depend on their parents to stay in the education system

Question 13

Anticipatory Socialisation

Answer 13

Being made aware of the expectations of a new role and practicing role behavior before taking on that new role.

Question 14

Elements of Identity

Answer 14

-A consistent sense of self
-Realistic perception of the world
-Sense of control over one’s life
-The ability to modify one’s ideas and actions to fit in with appropriate situations
- These are what make up a secure and stable identity

Question 15

Rites of Passage

Answer 15

The recognizable stages of life that are distinguished by societal rituals.

Question 16

Millennials

Answer 16

1981-1996, a person reaching young adulthood in the early 21st century

Question 17

Credentialism

Answer 17

We take courses that are geared toward our field and not necessarily toward our interests. We take courses we know we will do well in.

Question 18

Glass Ceiling Syndrome

Answer 18

a qualified person whishing to advance within the hierarchy of his/her organization is stopped at a lower level due to discrimination most often based on sexism or racism

Question 19

Conscientious Stage

Answer 19

They are able to appreciate others as individuals in reciprocal relationships

Question 20

Ego

Answer 20

A term introduced by Sigmund Freud; meaning the understanding of self. Ego development begins in infancy with the understanding the individual separates from the mother

Question 21

Durkheim’s Theory of Suicide

Answer 21

-According to E.D, the reason rates for males and females are different, and the reason the numbers differ from country to country occurs when expectations are not met
-Those who expected more experienced a greater lack of control in a crisis
-The rates are lower for women because they have a lower expectation for their role in society than males do
-Also because women form their identity by forming relationships with others, they may seek more support than males do in such situations.

Question 22

School and Family as Socialising Agents

Answer 22

-Individuals acquire personal qualities from their family members that might affect their socialization
-Individuals often acquire the same expectations of life as their parents
-Elements of Identity consist of a sense of control, a realistic perception of the world and consistent sense of who you are

Question 23

How does Symbolic Interaction Theory apply to identity formation?

Answer 23

-We form a sense of who we are based on feedback from others
-We use the manner in which people react to us as an evaluation of who we are
-These external evaluations form who we are
-Like a mirror that reflects accurately what we look like, so do the responses of others reflect who we are
-However, at times we distort what we see in a mirror just like we distort the responses of others
-Therefore, we need to find reliable “mirrors” in order to develop a proper sense of identity