Families and Households- extra Que cards

Question 1

Kingman

Answer 1

• increase in consumer culture amongst the elderly

Question 2

Marsha Jones

Answer 2

• grandparents are a reserve army of cheap labour

Question 3

Grundy & Henretta

Answer 3

• identified the emergence of the sandwich generation

Question 4

June Statham

Answer 4

• Grandparents can take on many forms of care from being the occasional babysitter to being the sole/main provider of childcare while the parents work

Question 5

Brennen

Answer 5

• Beanpole families-multi-generational extended family, this means that there are many different generations within the family but they have few siblings

Question 6

Crompton

Answer 6

• family ensure class reproduction to their children by passing on their assets

Question 7

Gillies

Answer 7

carried out a survey of 1,112 parents together and found significant class differences in parenting, demonstrating that class is still important in family life.

• Middle class parents- emphasised their children’s individuality and their right t be respected.Felt confident with dealing with teachers and could use a range of expensive specialists for help.
• Working class parents- tended to help their children deal with the injustice and hardship they faced in their life and also teach them strategies to cope with poverty.

Question 8

Katz

Answer 8

living in poverty makes it more difficult to raise children effectively. However most parents living in poverty are remarkably resilient and so this possess strong copying skills

Question 9

Fran Ansley-

Answer 9

• (Marxist feminist) “women are the takers of shit”- they absorb the anger that should be directed at capitalism. So they absorb their husbands anger due to the alienation and exploitation they suffer at work.

Question 10

Margret Benston-

Answer 10

• (Marxist feminist) argues women reproduce the labour power for capitalism in two ways:
  1. serving men’s sexual, domestic and emotional needs
  2. they socialise and care for the next generation
  women are the “ slaves of wage slaves”- “ reserve army of cheap labour”

Question 11

Greer-

Answer 11

• (Radical feminist) argue for the creation of matriarchal households as an alternative to the heterosexual family.
• argue for political lesbianism

Question 12

Delphy & Leonard-

Answer 12

• (Radical feminist) argues how men are usually regarded as heads of the household and make key decisions
• women on the other hand are expected to perform unpaid domestic work an sexual/reproductive work.

Question 13

Zaretsky

Answer 13

• the family do not stabilise adult in fact it provides a cushion effect.
• argues that the family stabilising adult personalities is an allusion as the family can not overcome the alienation and brutalising effect capitalism has
• argues that individuals can be satisfied when capitalism is abolished so that individuals can Focus on needs of the members rather can economic needs

Question 14

Reynolds

Answer 14

-existence of visiting relationships where lone mothers would have a male partner who visited them frequently, sometimes playing the active role as a parent

Question 15

Mann

Answer 15

criticising this argument, arguing that aspects of British African- Caribbean family life e.g lone parenthood, cohabitation and childbearing outside marriage actually reflect patterns that are traditional in many parts of the Caribbean

Question 16

Platt

Answer 16

• family size= remain larger among South Asians
• 16% of white households contain 4+ people
• 43% of Pakistani households & 49% of Bangladeshi households are this size

Question 17

Chamberlain

Answer 17

-found that extended family members, especially brothers and sisters often provide support to lone parents.

Question 18

Berthoud

Answer 18

• looked at different ethnic family patterns and found that families in the UK can be placed on a scale starting from old fashioned values to modern individualism

Question 19

Berthoud

Answer 19

-South Asians are much more traditional than White people as couples are much more likely to marry earlier and less likely to cohabitant/ divorce

Question 20

Weeks,Donovan & Heaphy

Answer 20

• found that many gay and lesbian people describe their households as “chosen” because they are able to choose who to include in their family and relationships

Question 21

Calhoun

Answer 21

• gay men and lesbians have been traditionally been treated as family outlaws who threaten family life. But modern life has now been characterised by freedom and choice.

Question 22

Berthoud and Beishon

Answer 22

• found lower rates of formal marriage among British Caribbean and higher rates of divorce and separation

Question 23

Murdock

Answer 23

• argued the family perform 4 functions
  1. Stable satisfaction of the sex drive
  2. Reproduction of the next generation
  3. Socialisation of the young
  4. Meeting its members economic needs

Question 24

Parsons

Answer 24

argues that the modern family produces two essential functions within society:

• The primary socialisation of children
• Stabilisation of adult personalities

Question 25

Hakim

Answer 25

women may choose mother/ housewife role

Question 26

Popenoe

Answer 26

argues there are biological imperatives that underline how the family is organised. He argues that we need a new cultural script, (a set of guidelines for what families should be like), based on “biosocial reality”.

Question 27

Klineberg

Answer 27

Argued that people are living alone in large numbers for the first time in history. Due to three reasons:
-communication revolution= means that individual can full-fill the pleasures of a sociology life due to technology
-The cult of the individual=where individuals are focused on their own needs rather than their role within society/
family.

Question 28

Levin

Answer 28

Identified LATs which allows individuals to enjoy the intimacy of being part of a couple but also also alone living alone.

Question 29

Hall et al

Answer 29

Creative single-hood..found that many individuals found a freedom in being single and chose to concentrate on careers through establishing long-term relationships

Question 30

Allan & Crow

Answer 30

found that before women did not have the financial resources to fund for a divorce and were likely to find themselves financially worse off after divorce.

Question 31

Dunscombe and Marsden

Answer 31

• found that women became increasingly dissatisfied with their husbands inability to take on responsibilities.
• women are expected to therefore do triple shift

Question 32

Beck & Beck Gersheim

Answer 32

• argued that there is less argument over what marriage should be like. Instead, there is growing individualisation & uncertainty and so the nature of relationships is open to choice and negotiation.