Culture- Key words

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Way of life of a particular society. it consists of members that have shared norms and values within it. Culture is socially constructed because there are different types e.g: popular culture, high-culture, consumer culture.

Question 2

Value

Answer 2

are things we believe in, strive to achieve and guide our behaviour.

Question 3

Norms

Answer 3

expected normal patterns and behaviours that are based on the values of a culture. It is relative and socially construed.

Question 4

High Culture

Answer 4

it is associated with the upper class in society. High culture is considered superior and has an elite position within society.
Bourdieu- The distinction between High Culture and Popular Culture is lies in the power of the group that access and support them.

Question 5

Popular Culture

Answer 5

it is associated with ordinary people and the masses- it is seen as shallow activities. therefore it is inferior to high culture as it is a media creation.
Bourdieu- The distinction between High Culture and Popular Culture is lies in the power of the group that access and support them.

Question 6

Consumer Culture

Answer 6

when society portrays a sense of its identity and status through the purchase of consumer goods such as goods, brands, phones,cars……
Therefore the focus of consumption has become a leisure pursuit.

Question 7

Global Culture

Answer 7

refers to the growing trend of cultural products and activities becoming universal- leads to cultural products (brands, foods,films) becoming less distinctive.
Mcluhan- “Global Village”

Question 8

Cultural Diversity

Answer 8

diversity-refers to variety/ difference found within society
Cultural diversity- can be seen between cultures
(Intercultural diversity) and within cultures
(intracultural diversity)

Question 9

Cultural Hybridity

Answer 9

hybrid- is a cross between or merging of two or more things.
Cultural hybridity- refers to the mixture or fusion of cultural influences

Question 10

Subculture

Answer 10

is a culture within a culture and consists of a small number of people who share distinctive norms and values within a wider culture.
Blackman- deviant subcultures

Question 11

Socialisation

Answer 11

is a lifelong process of learning. It is the process by which an individual learns the norms and values of society. there are 2 stages: secondary and primary. socialisation

Question 12

Primary Socialisation

Answer 12

is the first stage of learning where children up to 5 years old learn their basic norms and values.

Question 13

Secondary Socialisation

Answer 13

is the second stage of learning where individuals develop their identity and consolidate their norms and values.

Question 14

6 Agencies Of Socialisation

Answer 14

Agencies of socialisation are the institutions and people that influence the learning of society’s culture. This consists of the; Family, Education, Mass media, Religion, Peer groups, Workplace

Question 15

Nature

Answer 15

argues the genes are the major influence on our intelligence and behaviour.

Question 16

Nurture

Answer 16

argues our intelligence, behaviour and culture are learned through socialisation.

Question 17

Re-socialisation

Answer 17

the process of leaning new attitudes and norms required for a new social role

Question 18

Social Control

Answer 18

the term given to various methods used to persuade/ force individuals to conform to the dominant social norms and values of a society. It acts to prevent deviance.

Question 19

Formal Social Control

Answer 19

involve written rules, laws or codes of conduct.that individuals need to follow.
formal agencies of social control include the police, the courts, prisons, and the education system.

Question 20

Informal Social Control

Answer 20

refers to the unwritten, more informal ways of controlling people that we learn in our everyday interactions.
Done through sanctions of informal social control such as the media, family and peer groups