Families and Households: 2.2.5 Migration and Globalisation

Question 1

What is globalisation?

Answer 1

Barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly interconnected across national boundaries

Question 2

What is globalisation a result of?

Answer 2

• Growth of communication systems and global media
• Creation of the global market
• Expansion of the EU

Question 3

What are the trends in global migration?

Answer 3

• Acceleration
• Differentiation
• Feminisation of migration

Question 4

Trends of global migration: Acceleration

Answer 4

Speeding rate of migration (2000-2013 - international migration increased by 232 million of the world’s population

Question 5

Trends of global migration: Differentiation

Answer 5

Globalisation is increasing the different types of migrants
- Since 1990s, globalisation has led what Vertovec calls ‘super-diversity’ (migrants come from a wide range of countries and a given ethnic group can be divided into culture/religion)
- Cohen - three types of migrants:
- Citizens: full citizenship rights e.g. voting rights (70s: made it harder for immigrants to get one
- Denizens: privileged foreign nationals welcomed by the state
e.g. billionaire oligarchs
- Helots: (slaves) - exploited group and are regarded as the disposable units of labour power/ found in poorly paid work and illegal traffic workers

Question 6

Trends of global migration: Feminisation of migration

Answer 6

• Past: most were men but today almost half are women (globalisation of the division of labour where women are fitted into their stereotypical image of carers/providers of sexual services
• Found more care, domestic and sex work in western areas were performed by women from poorer areas (western women less willing to perform domestic labour, failure of the state to provide adequate childcare
• Shutes: 40% of nurses are migrants (most are female)
• Global transfer of emotional labour where migrants nannies provide care for their employer’s children at the expense of leaving their own children in their home country
• Migrant females enter as illegally trafficked sex workers, condition amounting to slavery

Question 7

Impact of globalisation on families, households and wider society

Answer 7

• Family and household diversity
• Population size
• Age structure
• The dependency ratio

Question 8

Impact of globalisation on families, households and wider society: family and household diversity

Answer 8

• Increase in the range of families and households liked to ethnic differences
• Black families: headed by a lone female
• Asian families: are larger
• With the increase of women there will be less households that just have male migrants

Question 9

Impact of globalisation on families, households and wider society: population

Answer 9

2012: 497,000 immigrating and 321,000 emigrating
2004: 223 net migration due to the expansion of the EU giving citizens the right to live and work in the UK

Question 10

Impact of globalisation on families, households and wider society: age structure

Answer 10

• Both are young and slightly more males than females
• 2011: age of passport holders was 41whereas non-UK = 31
• Immigrants are more fertile and produce more babies
• Emigrants are older with 40% - moving to EU countries to retire

Question 11

Impact of globalisation on families, households and wider society: dependency ratio

Answer 11

• Migrants are of working age, reducing dependency, however immigrant women have a higher fertility rate which contributes to higher dependency in the short term
• Long term: more workers is produced
• The longer a group is settled, the closer the fertility rate is to the national average , reducing the impact of the dependency ratio