Families And Households

Question 1

What is a nuclear family:

Answer 1

Two generations living together (parents and a dependant child).

Question 2

What is a traditional extended family:

Answer 2

Three or more generations of the same family living together or in close proximity.

Question 3

What is an attenuated family:

Answer 3

Nuclear families that live apart from their extended family but in frequent contract.

Question 4

What is a lone parent family:

Answer 4

A single parent and their dependant children.

Question 5

What is reconsitituated family:

Answer 5

New stepfamilies created when parts of two previous families have been brought together.

Question 6

What does Peter Murdock say about the family?

Answer 6

• Stable satisfaction of the sex drive.
• Reproduction of the next generation.
• Socialisation of the young.
• Meeting it’s members economic needs.

Question 7

Definition of organic analogy and who stated it?

Answer 7

Durkheim

Society works like a human body, all units need to work together to survive and function.

Question 8

What is Parsons Functional Fit Theory?

Answer 8

• Families functions depend on the type of society in which it works.
• Families function fits the need of society.

Question 9

What does Zaretsky 1976 state about families?
MARXIST VIEW

Answer 9

• Families provide a safe haven for the individuals, so individuals can go to work stress free and fully dedicate themselves to work and the economy.

Question 10

What does Engles state about the family?
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

Answer 10

• Monogamous families are essential.
• Gain inheritance from family so the rich stay rich.

Question 11

What is the personal life perspective on the family?
INTERACTIONALIST THEORY

Answer 11

• Must focus on the meaning on the family and the individuals relationship and circumstance, rather then focusing on functions.

Question 12

What does Jane Pilcher state?
MODERN WESTERN WORLD NOTION OF CHILDHOOD

Answer 12

• Childhood is seen as a distinctive and clear life change.
• Compares childhood to the ‘Garden of Eden’, as children are protected and provided for.

Question 13

What does Ruth Benedict state about childhood?
CROSS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD

Answer 13

• Childhood is socially constructed and varies from culture to culture.
• Children in non-industrial societies are treated differently.

Question 14

What did Aries state about childhood?
HISTORICAL DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD

Answer 14

• Childhood didn’t exists, they were classed as mini-adults.
• Law had no distinction between children and adults.

Question 15

What does Palmer state about childhood?

Answer 15

• Rapid technology and cultural changes cause psychological and physical damages to children.
• Technology damages children’s development.

Question 16

What does Postman state about childhood?

Answer 16

• Childhood is disappearing due to children being exposed and the knowledge they know.
• Children know more about news and more language due to the exposure of media.

Question 17

What does Smart 2011 state?
NEW SOCIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD

Answer 17

• Study of divorce, children actively try to make the situation better for everybody.

Question 18

What does Mason and Tipper state?

Answer 18

• Children actively create their own definitions of family.
• Children are active agents in creating who they deem are family.

Question 19

What does Parsons state about domestic division of labour?

Answer 19

• Men hold the instrumental roles - eg being the breadwinner.
• Women hold the expressive roles - women naturally more nurturing and caring eg breastfeeding.

Question 20

What does Bott state about the domestic division of labour?

Answer 20

• There are two roles within couples.
• Conjurgual roles: roles within marriage.
• Segregated roles: clear division between roles between men and women.
• Joint conjurgual roles: few divisions between the male and female roles.
• Symmetrical family: Roles are shared between both men and women.

BOTT BELIEVES THESE ROLES SHOULD BE EQUAL IN THE HOUSEHOLD.

Question 21

What does Young and Wilmott state about symmetrical families?

Answer 21

• There has been a shift between pre-industrial and early industrial. Families are now a unit of consumption rather than production.

Question 22

What does Sullivan state about symmetrical families?
FEMINIST VIEW

Answer 22

• March of progress.
• Believes roles are becoming more symmetrical as men are doing more domestic work.

Question 23

What does Gershuny state?
FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE

Answer 23

• Women did less domestic work in the past.

Question 24

What does Duncombe and Marsden state?

Answer 24

• Women’s triple shift.
• Women take part in paid employment, household and childcare and emotional work.
• Women seen as unreliable by employers due to them taking time off work for pregnancy.

Question 25

What does Pohl and Vogler state about money management?

Answer 25

• THE ALLOWANCE SYSTEM: men gives women an allowance for them to budget. Men have to access.
• POOLING: Both partners have equal access to income and joint responsibility for expenditure.

Question 26

What does Walby and Allen state about domestic violence?

Answer 26

• Women are more likely to be victims of domestic violence as 1 in 4 women are victims.

Question 27

What does Ansley state?
FEMINIST PERSEPCTIVE

Answer 27

• Women are takers of shit. DV is a product of capitalism.

Question 28

What does Hunt state about ageism and post-modernity?

Answer 28

• we can choose a lifestyle and identity regardless of age. Eg cosmetic surgery,

Question 29

What does Harper state about the decline of death rate:

Answer 29

• Decline of smoking and obesity.

Question 30

What does Mitchell and Goody state about divorce?

Answer 30

Massive increase of divorce due to the lack of stigma.

Question 31

What does Fletcher state about divorce?

Answer 31

Higher expectations are a major cause of divorce.