False Memory

Question 1

Discuss memory being constructive In nature

Answer 1

Human memory is not a literal reproduction of the past but instead relies on constructive processes that are prone to memory error and distortion (Shacter, 2012)

Question 2

What is the ‘War of Ghost Story’ study?

Answer 2

Bartlett (1932) presented a story to participants and they were told to recall it
Participants frequently gave their own representations and substituted many of the words (Chinese Whispers)

Question 3

What is the de Mendez case study?

Answer 3

De Mendez was an innocent man shot by police as being a misidentified criminal of the London bombings
Witnesses recalled seeing different things

Question 4

What are the Seven sins of memory distortions (Schacter, 2001)

Answer 4

This refers to when memory differs from what actually occurs
Transience 
Suggestibility 
Persistence 
Bias
Blocking
Absent minded errors
Misattribution

Question 5

Explain Richardson’s (2011) effect of imagination study

Answer 5

Participants were told to vivid imagine themselves within a situation that the experimenter described
When asked a few years later many of the participants believed they had actually experienced the event themselves (it was particularly strong when others suggestively agreed)

Question 6

What is the overconfidence effect?

Answer 6

Tendency to overestimate our ability to recall an event correctly

Question 7

What is a gist-based error?

Answer 7

When participants falsely remember a novel item that is similar to an item they have already encountered

Question 8

Who proposed the DRM paradigm

Answer 8

Deese, Roediger and McDermott (1959)

Question 9

When was Kahneman study proposed

Answer 9

1994

Question 10

Experiencing self constructs memory by…

Answer 10

Living in the moment

Question 11

What is remembering self?

Answer 11

Keep score of the choices we make

Question 12

Explain Kahneman’s (1994) Peak-end rule study

Answer 12

Heuristic in which people judge an experience based on how it felt at its most intense point rather than total sum
Participants put there hand into 14o water for 16s and then put there hand into 14o for 16s but raised the temp to 15o for the last 30s
Participants preferred the longer trail and its was less painful
(Application to surgery)

Question 13

When was Kahneman study proposed

Answer 13

1994

Question 14

Experiencing self constructs memory by…

Answer 14

Living in the moment

Question 15

What is remembering self?

Answer 15

Keep score of the choices we make

Question 16

Explain Kahneman’s (1994) Peak-end rule study

Answer 16

Heuristic in which people judge an experience based on how it felt at its most intense point rather than total sum
Participants put there hand into 14o water for 16s and then put there hand into 14o for 16s but raised the temp to 15o for the last 30s
Participants preferred the longer trail and its was less painful
(Application to surgery)

Question 17

When was Kahneman study proposed

Answer 17

1994

Question 18

Experiencing self constructs memory by…

Answer 18

Living in the moment

Question 19

What is remembering self?

Answer 19

Keep score of the choices we make

Question 20

Explain Kahneman’s (1994) Peak-end rule study

Answer 20

Heuristic in which people judge an experience based on how it felt at its most intense point rather than total sum
Participants put there hand into 14o water for 16s and then put there hand into 14o for 16s but raised the temp to 15o for the last 30s
Participants preferred the longer trail and its was less painful
(Application to surgery)