Falls Flashcards

1
Q

environmental risk factors

A
poor lighting
rugs
stairs
pets
incorrect walking aids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medication risk factors

A

psychotropic: sedaive, opiates, antidepressants, antihypertensives, nitrates
anti-arrhythmic- beta-blockers, digoxin, flecanide
steroids
diabetic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiovascular risk factors

A

syncope

orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what key investigations to assess fall risk

A
  • lying and standing BP (OH)
  • 24hr ECG monitoring- syncope
  • timed get up and go
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of falls

A
  • strength and balance retraining
  • reduction in psychotropic medications
  • reduce home hazards and consider aids
  • calcium and vitamin D supplements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is NOF more common in the elderly?

A

bone strength is often compromised by osteoporosis

- higher risk of falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does NOF present?

A

usually pain with externally rotated and shortened hip

but might not if cognitive impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Immediate management of NOF

A
  • adequate analgesia
  • iv fluids
  • identify infection
  • if medically stable operate withing 48hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is post op confusion exacerbated by

A

pain, infection, opiods (sedation), constipation, electrolyte abn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prevention of NOF

A

Calcium and vitamin D supplements

oral bisphosphonates if osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

side effects of bisphosphonates

A
  • oesophageal ulceration
  • GI bleeding
  • avascular necrosis of jaw
  • atypical femur fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

investigations in NOF

A
  • MRI hip (if not available CT)

- FBC, LFTs, Ca, PTH, glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

recommended use of bisphosphonates in women according to age (secondary prevention NOF)

A

if >75- don’t need DXA- start aledronate

if 65-74 if DXA t score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly