Fallots Tetralogy Flashcards
what is s1?
Heart sound one - closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
What is s2?
heart sound 2 - closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
What are heart murmurs?
additional heart sounds
When would a ventricular septal defect (VSD) that is acquired later in life usually form?
after MI
What are the four features of Fallot’s tetralogy?
Pulmonary stenosis
Over-riding aorta
VSD
Right ventricular hypertrophy
What is a tet spell?
Acute episodes of hypoxia
Shortness of breath, cyanosis, agitation, loss of consciousness
caused by decreased systemic vascular resistance, leading to an increased venous return and increased shunting through the VSD
Why would older children squat during a tet spell?
increases systemic vascular resistance and allows temporary reversal of the shunt
What is an overriding aorta?
Aorta arises from the right as well as left ventricle
Why does right ventricular hypertrophy occur?
high pressure
What is the primary heart defect that causes the tetralogy of fallout?
Unequal division of the truncus arteriosus caused by anterior displacement of the aorticopulmonary septum
How common is Fallot’s tetralogy?
1 in 1000
Symptoms in a child
Difficulty feeding Failure to gain weight Retarded growth and physical development cyanosis difficulty feeding dyspnoea on exertion
Signs
Heart murmer
Clubbing
Polycythemia (high red blood cell count)
Tet spells
Abnormal test results
Echocardiogram - abnormal anatomy and shunt of blood from left to right and later, shunt of blood from right to left
X-ray - boot like appearance of heart (coeur-en-sabot)
What surgery can be done?
Shunt
Place artificial tube between aorta or subclavian artery and one of the pulmonary arteries to redirect a large portion of partially oxygenated blood into the lungs, increasing pulmonary flow
corrective surgery (6 months) - relieve right ventricular outflow stenosis by resection muscle and repairing VSD
