fallacies of insufficient evidence Flashcards

1
Q

what is inappropriate appeal to authority

A

relies on the opinion of someone who is not an expert in the relevant field.

Example: My favorite actor says this diet works, so it must be effective.

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2
Q

what is appeal to ignorance

A

asserts that a claim is true because it has not been proven false.

Example: No one has proven that aliens don’t exist, so they must be real.

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3
Q

what is false alternatives

A

present a limited set of options, ignoring other possibilities.

Example: You’re either with us or against us.

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4
Q

what is questionable causes

A

assumes a relationship between two events when none exists, often implying that one causes the other because they occur together.

Example: I wore my lucky socks, and my team won the game, so the socks must be why we won.

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5
Q

what is hasty generalisation

A

draws a broad conclusion based on a small or unrepresentative sample.

Example: I met two rude people from that city, so everyone there must be rude.

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6
Q

what is slippery slope

A

argues that a small step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (usually negative) events.

Example: If we allow students to redo assignments, next they’ll want to retake exams, and soon there will be no standards at all.

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7
Q

what is inconsistency

A

occurs when someone makes contradictory claims.

Example: You say we should save money, but you just bought an expensive car.

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8
Q

what is weak analogy

A

compares two things that aren’t really comparable in relevant aspects.

Example: Making students go to school is like herding sheep; it’s unnatural and controlling.

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