Fallacies of Content

Question 1

What are the three groups of fallacies under this category?

Answer 1

1. Linguistic Manipulation
2. Psychological Warfare
3. Logical Maneuvers

Question 2

The objective meaning of a word (what it signifies)

Answer 2

Denotation

Question 3

The subjective meaning, implying attributes or emotions

Answer 3

Connotation

Question 4

Fallacies in this group take advantage of the flexibility of connotations to mislead, impress, seduce, or secure sympathies

Answer 4

Exploitation of connotative fluidity

Question 5

While language conveys truth, it can also conceal it, depending on how it is used

Answer 5

Language as a double-edged sword

Question 6

Refers to using jargon to intimidate a non-expert audience, making the speaker seem more knowledgeable. It also refers to using jargon to obscure meaning and prevent others from counter-arguing due to confusion

Answer 6

Prestige Jargon

Question 7

The use of emotionally charged words or images to secure sympathy or support

Answer 7

Emotional Words

Question 8

The use of words with positive connotations to mask or soften unpleasant truths. Often used to mislead or soften the impact of negative information by framing it in a more pleasant way.

Answer 8

Double Talking (Euphemism)

Question 9

Fallacies that fall under this exploit the non-rational aspects of human beings

Answer 9

Psychological Warfare

Question 10

This fallacy occurs when products or ideas are advertised alongside unrelated things to create false associations. The intent is to make the audience connect the quality or image of one thing with the advertised product, even though the two are logically unrelated.

Answer 10

Meaning from Association

Question 11

This fallacy occurs when someone cites an authority on a topic that falls outside their field of expertise

Answer 11

Misuse of Authority

Question 12

This fallacy works by repeating the same assertion numerous times, with the intent that people will eventually accept it as true, even if it’s a lie. The psychological principle behind this is that familiar information, even if false, is easier to accept than unfamiliar truth

Answer 12

Repeated Assertion

Question 13

This fallacy involves tailoring messages to align with pre-existing attitudes of the audience. It inserts people, ideas, or imagery that are either positively or negatively regarded by the audience to manipulate their perception.

Answer 13

Attitude Fitting

Question 14

Occurs when a small or insignificant gesture is presented as substantial action. This is often used to distract from the fact that real meaningful action is lacking

Answer 14

Tokenism

Question 15

This fallacy occurs when someone discredits their opponent’s argument or evidence before it is even presented. By dismissing the validity of the argument beforehand, the opponent is effectively prevented from making a fair case.

Answer 15

Poisoning the well

Question 16

This involves creating false, yet pleasant, expectations to justify or cope with an undesirable situation. When faced with failure or disappointment, people may alter their perspective by convincing themselves that the outcome is actually favorable

Answer 16

Rationalizing

Question 17

This fallacy occurs when someone uses force or the threat of force to coerce others into accepting an argument or following a directive, instead of providing a logical reason

Answer 17

Argumentum ad Baculum

Question 18

This fallacy occurs when someone attacks the character or personal traits of their opponent instead of addressing the argument being made. The assumption is that discrediting the person automatically discredits their argument, which is logically flawed.

Answer 18

Ad Hominem

Question 19

This fallacy occurs when someone uses confident gestures, tone, or language to create the illusion of having a strong argument, even if their reasoning is weak or nonexistent. The appearance of confidence misleads others into believing the argument has merit.

Answer 19

Confident Manner

Question 20

This set of fallacies focuses on deceiving the cognitive, logical mind. It often requires rhetorical skill and an understanding of logical processes.

Answer 20

Logical Maneuvers

Question 21

This fallacy occurs when one assumes that what is true for individual members of a group must also be true for the group as a whole

Answer 21

Fallacy of Composition

Question 22

This fallacy occurs when one assumes that what is true for the whole group must also be true for each individual member of that group

Answer 22

Fallacy of Division

Question 23

This fallacy occurs when only two extreme alternatives are presented, ignoring any middle ground or other possible options

Answer 23

Fallacy of Dilemma

Question 24

This fallacy occurs when someone uses a continuous spectrum of minor differences to argue that there is no meaningful distinction between two extremes

Answer 24

Argument of the Beard

Question 25

This fallacy involves misrepresenting or exaggerating an opponent’s argument to make it easier to attack or refute

Answer 25

Fallacy of Strawman

Question 26

This fallacy occurs when an argument asserts that a particular action will inevitably lead to a series of undesirable consequences, without demonstrating a direct causal link

Answer 26

Fallacy of Slippery Slope

Question 27

This fallacy involves changing the subject to divert attention away from the main issue, often by discussing irrelevant but related topics

Answer 27

Fallacy of Diversion

Question 28

This fallacy occurs when an argument assumes the truth of what it is supposed to prove, essentially using the conclusion as a premise.

Answer 28

Begging the question

Question 29

This fallacy occurs when a lack of evidence for one side of an argument is used to affirm the opposite side. It falsely assumes that if something has not been proven false, it must be true

Answer 29

Appeal to Ignorance

Question 30

This fallacy arises when an argument relies on two mutually exclusive assumptions, making it logically impossible for both to be true

Answer 30

Contradictory Assumption

Question 31

This fallacy occurs when someone justifies their own wrongdoing by pointing out similar wrongdoing by others

Answer 31

Two Wrongs Make a Right