Fallacies Flashcards
When used irresponsibly rhetorical appeals lead to
Fallacies
9 Logical Fallacies
1) circular reasoning
2) either/or
3) false analogy
4) hasty generalization
5) non sequitur
6) false cause and effect
7) red herring
8) self-contradiction
9) straw man
6 Emotional Fallacies
1) apple polishing
2) flattery
3) group appeal
4) riding the bandwagon
5) scare tactics
6) stereotyping
6 Ethical Fallacies
1) argument from outrage
2) false authority
3) guilt by association
4) personal attack
5) poisoning the well
6) scapegoating
Post hec ergo propler hoc
false cause and effect
What are fallacies?
unintentional reasoning errors or even deliberate attemps to deceive
Restating a point using different words as proof to support the point is what logical fallacy?
circular reasoning
What is the either/or fallacy?
a situation is presented as an either/or choice when in reality, there are more than just two options
a comparison made between two things that are not enough alike to support the comparison is called
a false analogy
Hasty Generalization
a conclusion is reached with insufficient evidence
Two unrelated ideas that are erroneously shown to have a cause and effect relationship is what fallacy?
non sequitur
“post hoc ergo propter hoc” means…
a logical fallacy where a writer argues that A cause B because B happened after A
Red herring
when a writer inserts an irrelevant detail into an argument to divert the readers attention from the main issue
Self-contradiction
one part of the writers argument directly contradicts the overall argument
A writer that rebuts a competing claim by offering an exaggerated or oversimplified version to it is what type of fallacy?
Straw man
Apple polishing
flattery of the audience is disguised as a reason for accepting the claim
Flattery
the writer suggests that readers with certain positive traits would naturally agree with the writers point
A reader that is encouraged to decide about an issue based on identification with a popular, high-status group is influenced by what fallacy?
Group Appeal
Riding the Bandwagon
a writer suggests that since everyone is doing something, the reader should do it too
Scare tactics/Vieled threats
the writer uses frightening ideas to scare readers into agreeing or believing something
a sweeping, general statement about a group of people in order to prove a point is called
stereotyping
Argument from outrage
extreme outrage that springs from an overbearing reliance on the writer own subjective perspective is used to shock readers into agreeing instead of thinking for themselves
A celebrity that is quoted or hired to support a product or idea in efforts to sway others opinions is what fallacy?
False Authority
When an adversary’s credibility is attacked because the person has friends or relatives who possibly lacks in credibility is called
Guilt by association
